- 



Leaves From My 



Historical Scrap Book 



BY 



Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL. D- 



SECOND SERIES. 



Charleston, S. C. 



1908. 



Leaves From My 



Historical Scrap Book 



BY 



Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL. D- 

it 



SECOND SERIES. 



Charleston, S. C. 



1908. 






'So 



PREFACE. 



This second series of "Leaves From My Historical Scrap Book 1 ' has been prepared in 

response to a general demand. The entire edition of the first series was exhausted in a 

few days. I trust that the present series will be as welcome as its predecessor. I will 

again add that all references are to The Courier, or The News and Courier, except where 

otherwise noted. 

BARNETT A. ELZAS. 
Charleston, S C, April, 1908. 






CONTENTS. 



1 Charleston in Olden Times— Some Interesting Reminiscences— Obituary Notices of 
Revolutionary Soldiers — Mrs. Anne Royal — Washington Light Infantry — Bio- 
graphical Material— Miscellaneous. 

2. Early Days of the Drama in Charleston, S. C, 2nd Series— Art in Charleston— Local 

History— Colonial Material— Revolutionary Material— Confederate Material— Bio- 
graphical Material— Miscellaneous. 

3. Penina Moise. 

4. Jacob Henry and His Speech. 

5. Penina Moise (ii). 

6. On Tradition in General and a DaCosta Tradition in Particular— Butler's Life of 

Judah P. Benjamin. 

7. An Index to the News and Courier 1900-1907. 

8. List of Persons Banished from Charles Town by the British in 1781 (From the Diary 

of Josiah Smith, Jr.)— Major Nones. 

9. Extracts from the Third Anniversary Address Delivered by Isaac N. Cardozo before 

the Reformed Society of Israelites, November 21. 1827— Jewish Wills 1710-1874— An 
Ethical Will— Abraham Seixas. 
10. Who Was Jacob Henry? 



Leaves from My 

Historical Scrap Book 



By Barnett A. lilzas, M. L) , L.L.B. 



Second Series, IVo 1 

The interest taken in the first series of 
my "Leaves from My Historical Scrap 
Book," was more than gratifying. For 
months past I have been deluged with 
letters from all parts of the United 
States urging me to "give us some more." 
That the compliment was more than an 
idle one was abundantly manifested by 
the eagerness with which my reprints 
were taken up, my supply being entirely 
inadequate to the demand. The work, is 
hard — even if mechanical. I do not want 
to destroy my note-books, but I have 
hesitated to put my material into shape 
owing to the immense inroads upon my 
limited time that these articles represent. 
I feel, however, that I ought not with- 
hold from sharing with others the ma- 
terial that I have gathered in the course 
of my historical work. I shall, there- 
fore, from time to time, call further at- 
tention to historical material contained 
in the newspapers that I have collated, 
bearing upon the history of our State. 

First, then, I will call attention to a 
remarkable series of 33 articles which ap- 
peared in the pages of "The Courier" 
during the year 1868. This series of arti- 
cles is in many respects as noteworthy as 
that other series to which I have already 
called attention, and which appeared in 
the years 1854 and 1855. They may in- 
deed be considered as supplementary to 
the former series. They are headed 
"Charleston in Olden Times." They give 
no clue to their authorship. Possibly they 
are from the pen of Richard Yeadon him- 
self, but this is mere surmise. Be that 



as it may, the series contains a veritable 
mine of historical information, and of in- 
mation that cannot be found else- 
where in any one place. 

Charleston in Olden Times, March 28 
1868. 

Amusements in Charleston, April 4. 

Pitt's Statue, Gen Gadsden, April 11. 

Topographical, April 18. ... 

The Old State House, April 25. 

First Settlement, Topography, May 2. 

Fortifications, Society in Charleston, 
May 9. 

Topography, May 16. 

Churches, May 23, 30; June 6, 13, 20 27- 
July 4, 11, 18, 25; August 1. 

The Exchange, or Old Post Office, Au- 
gust 8. 

The Liberty Tree, First Step towards 
Independence, The 26 Pioneers.&c, Aug 15. 

Commerce and Business, August 22. 

Names of Streets— Their Location, 
Wharves, Public Buildings, &c Aug 29. 

Free Schools, Schools for Negroes, &c, 
September 5. 

Cincinnati Society, September 12. 

The Antient Artillery Society, St An- 
drew's Society, September 19. 

[Note a correction on September 21.] 

The South Carolina. Society, Sept 26. 

Fellowship Society, October 3. 

German Friendly Society, October 10. 

Hibernian Society, October 17. 

St George's Society, October 21. 

German Fusiliers Company and Society, 
October 31. 

Commodore Alexander Gillon, Nov 7. • 



Some Interesting' HeutiniNcenecit. 



The following Reminiscences, interest- 
ing both for their local bearing as well 
as for the family data they present re- 
lating to the life of Judah P. Benjamin, 
a charming biography of whom has re- 
cently been published by Prof Pierce But- 
ler, of Tulane University.— was fnund 



among the papers of the late Gabriel 
Manigault. These particular papers tell 
tne story of the families of De Caradeuc, 
Remousin, St Martin and Chazal, refu- 
gees to Charleston from St Domingo, 
during the negro insurrection in the last 
decade of the li)th Century. 1 reproduce 
only the story of the St Martin family, 
and beg to acknowledge my indebtedness 
to Miss Mabel Webber, ttie Secretary of 
the South Carolina Historical Society, 
through whose courtesy I was permitted 
to make my copy. 

"Saint Martin, another refugee, who 
married a pretty refugee young lady 
named Pierre, also of a refugee family, 
was one of the founders of ttie "Societe 
Francaise de Bienfaisance," a society still 
in existence in Charleston, and started 
for the relief of destitute French people. 
Miss Pierre was engaged for several 
years to Capt George Izard, of the United 
States Army, afterwards Major General 
Izard, of the War of 1S12. She was only 
rather pretty and is described in one of 
the letters of a sister of Gen Izard as 
having a "nez retrousse" — Gen Izard was 
very unwilling to marry, and he delayed 
so long that the brother of the young 
lady finally proceeded to Philadelphia 
where he was stationed at Fort Mifflin, 
and forced a duel upon him. This 
occurred on the Jersey side of the Dela- 
ware River opposite the city, and resulted 
In Capt Izard being seriously wounded In 
the right arm and breast at the second 
lire. He says in his autobiography that, 
had it not been for the careful nursing of 
himself by certain devoted friends in 
Philadelphia whom he mentions, he prob- 
ably would have succumbed to his 
wounds. After the affair he was relieved 
from all further engagement of marriage 
in that quarter. 

"Saint Martin appears to have remain- 
ed in Charleston some time, for his eld- 
est daughter was born there. This lady 
married Judah P. Benjamin, who at the 
time was a rising young lawyer of New 
Orleans, to which city the family had re- 
moved early in the century, for a Major 
Pierre figures among the officers serving 
under General Jackson durig the War of 
1*12. Probably the same one who fought 
the duel with Capt Izard. 

"Mr Benjamin's married life was not a 
happy one, due it is said to faults on 
both sides, and in 1846, when my father 
was taking his family to Europe for a 
prolongpd stay, we crossed the Atlantic 
from New York to Havre in the sailing 
sh p tvoris Phillippe with Mrs Benjamin 
and her brother Jules de St Martin as fel- , 
low passengers. She had with her a little I 



girl about two ytars oid and a black 
nurse wno JiKe her motner was also boi». 
in Charleston. This negro woman spoKe 
tiie corrupt French of tiic VVl-^i lnuia 
Islands which was as unintelligible to h 
stranger as the negro English of the 
South Carolina rice plantations. 

"Th<* separation between Mr Benjamin 
from his wife was not entirs, for he 
visited her occasionally in Paris and made 
her a liberal allowance. After making his 
second fortune by the law in ..ondon, as 
he saw health failing and death in the not 
distant future, he returned to his family 
still living in France and died under thp 
lomestic roof. 

"Mr Benjamin's family were Jews an<? 
his account of himself was that he was 
born on the Island of St Croix now bo 
longing to Denmark, but at the time of 
his birth, the property of England. Ho 
was thus a British subject by the acci- 
dent of his birth— a fact which was of 
service to him when he was aspiring tc 
legal fame in England. As soon as the 
War of 1812 was over, he moved to New 
Orleans and soon established a name for 
Himself after reaching manhood. 

"On the other hand it is well known 
that a Mrs Benjamin, a poor widow, who 
kept a little dry goods store in Beaufort, 
S. C, was the mother of two boys, one 
of whom, I have frequently been assured 
by residents of that town, was the future 
statesman, and that there could be no 
question as to his identity. He manifested 
talent when a boy, succeeded in acquiring 
education and eventually drifted to New 
Orleans. At the same time it is not as- 
serted that he was born in Beaufort, and 
he may well have come from St Croix. 

"Of this however I am certain; as to his 
relations, viz: that there was an aunt 
of his named Wright who also kept a 
little dry goods shop in King street on 
the east side, a few doors below Horl- 
beck's alley, who frequently spoke to my 
mother when she went to her shop about 
a nephew of hers who was a rising young 
lawyer in New Orleans. Mrs Wright was 
a sister of Mrs Benjamin and in her 
poverty she could not but feel gratified 
that one so nearly related to her should 
be on the road to distinction. When wo 
returned from Europe in 1848, my mother 
was able to tell the old woman that she. 
had seen her nephew, and that he was 
a man of recognized ability, which grati- 
fied her extremely. 

"It may be interesting here to state 
that at a public ball given by the Ameri- 
cans in Paris in 1855 on the 22d February. 
I observed Mrs Benjamin among the com- 
pany. I immediately npproached her and 



3 



told her who I was. She was very cordial 
hi response, called to her brother who 
was near by. explaining who I was, and 
invited me to her apartment in the Rue 
St Florentin ©n her regular reception day. 
I thereupon went and afterwards dined 
with her, meeting on both occasions her 
father who was then an old man, and 
who seemed much interested to converse 
with me about events that he remembered 
as having occurred in Charleston. He 
mentioned with much feeling the kind- 
nesses which had been extended to him 
as a refugee upon his arrival, and es- 
pecially the hosiptalities of General C. C. 
Pinckney which he said he could never 
forget." 

Charleston, S. C, 25th October, 1888. 

Obituary Notices of Revolutionary 
Soldiers. 

(From the Courier.) 
Andrew Adams, June 17, 1808. 
Brig-Gen Robert Anderson, Jan 23, 1813. 
Samuel J. Axson, October 17, 1827. 
Robert Barnwell, November 1, 1814. 
John Berry, February 24, 1829. 
Maj John Bowie, October 8, 1827. 
Charles D. Bradford, July 24, 1824. 
Capt Bartlett Brown, December 14, 1822. 
Capt John Buchanan, May 1, 1824. 
John Carr, September 9, 1825. 
Walter Carson, January 20, 1829. 
Ezekiel Chimes, December 6, 1824. 
Henry Cole, March 6, 1839. 
Capt Martin Cole, January 30, 1839. 
Alexander Collins, June 20, 1823. 
George Cooper, August 4, 1829. 
Thomas Corroll, October 31, 1829. 
John Currence, August 15, 1827. 
Capt James Davis, November 2. 1822. 
Maj Joseph Dickinson, March 12, 1807. 
Maj Michael Dickson, Sept 14. 1825. 
Samuel Dusenbery, November 3, 1829. 
Rev Samuel Eccles, August 9, 1808. 
William Elliott, May 14, 1808. 
Henry Gardner, February 6, 1828. 
Adam Gilchrist, March 18, 1816. 
Maj James Gillespie, June 3, 1828. 
Maj Richard Godfrey, October 22, 1817. 
John Goodlett, April 3 0,1839. 
Capt Thomas Gordon, November 30, 1809 
Henry Graybill, November 6, 1822. 
Joseph Guerard, November 10, 1829. 
Capt Robert Hails, March 16, 1816. 
Col Elnathan Haskell. December 30. 1825 
Col Benjamin Hawkins, June 19, 1816. 
Capt Richard Johnson, Sept 4, 1815. 
Darling Jones, November 19, 1828. 
John Knox, February 11, 1824. 
Gen Edward Lacey, July 3, 1813. 
Maj James Ladson, February 8. 1812. 
Benjamin Lawrence, May 4, 1826. 
Maj Charles Lining, August 18, 1813. 



James McClain, September 15, 1829. 
James M'Ginney, February 16, 1824. 
Gen John Martin, August 25, 1813. 
Gen Hugh Means, July 6, 1825. 
Col Francis Mentges. October 29, 1805. 
William Miller, March 7, 1827. 
George Mitchell, April 9, 1836. 
Col John Mitchell,February 20, 1816. 
John Munnerlyn, March 30, 1821. 
Samuel Murray, January 8, 1818. 
William Murrell, August 11, 1829. 
Conrad Myers, October 2, 1827. 
Col Thomas Osborn, January 23, 180S. 
William Patterson, July 7, 1828. 
John Pearse, June 17, 1828. 
Gen Pickens, August 28, 1817. 
Moses Plummer, July 7, 1829. 
Col James Postell, March 20, 1824. 
Col John Powell, January 29, 1827, 
William Price, July 15, 1823. 
Samuel Prioleau, March 25, 1813. 
Capt Henry Ravenel, February 28, 1823. 
Gen Jacob Read, August 1, 1816. 
Maj Francis Ross, September 10, 1823. 
Col Wm Rouse, August 18, 1829. 
Capt John Ryan, October 8, 1827. 
Lieut-Col William Scott, June 11, 1807. 
Lieut-Col John Smith, June 22, 1811. 
Capt Peter Smith, September 18, 1824. 
Maj William Clay Snipes. Feb 25, 1806. 
Jervis Henry Stevens, July 31, 1828. 
Col William Thruston, Feb £5, 1828. 
William Wayne, March 31, 1818. 
Maj Edward White, January 18, 1812. 
Hugh Strain Winter, February 25, 1807. 
Alexander Wood, May 5, 1827. 

Mrs Anne Royal. 

I recently came across a rare and curi- 
ous Volume that contains numerous 
amusing references to Charleston and its 
people. The authoress, on early proto- 
type of Carrie Nation, visited among 
other cities, for the purpose of obtaining 
subscribers for her book, the cities of 
Charleston, Columbia, Camden, Savannah 
and Columbus. It would be hard to 
match her epithets for those who were 
| unfortunate enough to get into her "Black 
j Book." She was particularly unhappy in 
! her Charleston Experiences, which she 
! describes in more vigorous than polite 
j language. Here, it seems, a crowd of 
j toughs met her at the railroad station on 
l her departure and stole both her purse 
and her list of subscribers. In a letter to 
i the Southern Patriot, April 12, 1830, she 
1 bemoans her sufferings at the hands of 
the Charleston "barbarians and blue 
l skins." Mrs Royal was not well received 
, by the newspapers. The Winyaw Intel- 
| ligencer, of Aug S, 1827, describes her as 
; "a short, thick, ill-dressed, dirty, brazen- 
1 faced and ugly looking woman." I be- 



lleve that she was finally put in jail as 
a common nuisance. Here is the title of 
her book, that is well worth possessing as 
a curiosity: 

Mrs Royall's 

Southern Tour 

or 

Second Series of the Black Book 



By Mrs Anne Royal, 

Author of "Sketches of History, Life 

and Manners in the United States, 

by a Traveller," &c, &c. 



In Three or More Volumes: Vol 11 



Washington. 

1831. 



Washington Light Infantry. 

A Sketch of, Feb 22, 1869. 

Roster of 1820, Jan 6, 1873. 

An Historic Sketch, 1807-1873, Jan 13, 187b. 

Roster of 1838, Feb 4, 1873. 

Roster of 1851, Feb 17, 1873. 

Roster of 1873, Feb 25, 1873. 

Biographical. 

Thomas Bee, Feb 25, 1812. 

Col James Chestnut, Mar 1, 1866. 

Philip Freneau, June 29, 1866. 

Gen Chirstopher Gadsden, August 31 
1805, July 12. 1825. 

R. W. Gibbes, Oct 17, 1866. 

Arthur P. Hayne, Jan 9, 1867. 

William Lowndes, Jan 13, 1S£3, Sept 18, 
1866. 

James L. Orr, May 7, 1873. 

J. Harleston Read, Sept 3, 1866. 

Gen John Rutledge, Sept 11. 1819. 

Rev Dr Stillman, ApTil 17, 1807. 



Miscellaneous. 

Charleston in 1840, Aug 9, 1873. 

[Most interesting statistical data, list 
of living Revolutionary Pensioners In 
Charleston, &c] 

College of Charleston— Reminiscences, 
Mar 31, 1868. 

The Burning of Columbia, May 5, 22, 24, 
1866; May 6, 17, 1873. 



Who burnt Columbia? Sept 23, 1873. 
List of South Carolina soldiers interred 
at 
Liberty, Va., May 12, 1866. 
Sharpsburg, July 9, 1866. 
Rome, July 16, 1866. 
Charlestown, Va., July 19, 1866. 
Staunton, Va., Aug 7, 1866. 
The Confederate Dead at Charlotte, 
April 17, 1869. 

The Twaddle of Mr Jeff Davis, Aug 
25, 1873. 

The Freedmen in South Carolina, Jan 18, 
1866. 

History of the German Fusiliers Com- 
pany, Aug 25, 1873. 
Paul H. Hayne, Jan 17, 1857. 
Hayne and Webster, Aug 16, 1873. 
The Hebrew Race— a tribute to, April 1, 
1867. 

Jefferson not the author of the Decla- 
ration of Independence, May 13, 1809. 

List of the Loyal during the War, Nov 
24, 1873. 

[A long array of South Carolina claim- 
ants for Government indemnity.] 

Malbone and his minatures, April 10, 
1873. 
"Millions for Defence," Nov 27, 1873. 
Mordecai-McCarty Duel, May 13, 17, 1873. 
Literature of North Carolina, Aug 23, 
1806. 

[A list or original works published in 
that State.] 
Gen C. C. Pinckney, Nov 27, 1873. 
Chronicles of Pineville, July 5, 1873. 
[List of Residents in 1826.] 
Antiquities of Mount Pleasant, Aug 8, 
1873. 

What Reconstrution has cost the South, 
Aug 25, 1873. 

Is Reconstrution Degradation? Jan 15, 
1S66. 
A Relic of the Past, Dec 29, 1873. 
[The Flag of the Citadel Cadets.] 
The Rhett-Cooley Duel, July 3, 5, 1873. 
The Architect of St Michaels, May 22, 
24, 27: July 10, 1873. 
St Michael's Chimes, Feb 28, 1867. 
The Architecture of St Philip's, May 22. 
1873. 
Henry Timrod (Rivers,) Nov 30. 1867. 
A letter from Washington to Moultrie, 
; May 6, 1873. 



[ltepilnted from the Sunday News, November 3, 1P07 1 



Leaves from My 

Historical Scrap Book. 

By Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., IX.D. 



Second Series—No 2. 



My article to-day will mainly consist of 
a continuation of my index to valuable 
historical material that is preserved in 
the pages of The Courier. These articles, 
taken together, contain the best things 
that are to be found in the files of this 
paper from its inception in 1S03 Jown to 
the year 1900. One more article will bring 
this working "hand-list" up to-date. I 
have had numerous suggestions of late as 
to how I could do my work in more 
aesthetic fashion and make my index still 
more useful. I hereby express my pro- 
foundest gratitude to my critics. Inas- 
much, however, as none of the aforesaid 
critics has offered to assist the publica- 
tion of this index with anything but ad- 
vice, I regret that I shall have to con- 
tinue my work in the only way possible 
to me— the way I am doing at present. 



Early Day* of the Drama in Charles- 
ton, S. C. 

Second Series. 



A fine series of 11 articles, signed "A 
Friend of the Drama," appeared in the 
columns of The Courier during the year 
1870. They occur in the following issues. 
March 18. 19. 21; April 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 
16, 20. 



Art in Charleston. 

Early Carolina Artists, May 28. 1899. 
Historical Paintings, September 1, 1895. 
Charleston's Art Tieapures, Jan 19, 1896. 
Jeremiah Thr-us. Limner, Jan 22, 18 19, 



Local History. 

Ashley Hall, Feb 11, 1892. 
Charleston in 1740, Jan 30, 1898. 
Charleston in 1810, (Topographical,) Jan 
8, 1870. 

Architectural Features of Charleston 
Jan 2, 1895. 

The Old Streets of Charleston, Jan 6; 
March 15, 17, 1870. 
The Charleston Library, April 26, 1396. 

The Old Circular Church, Feb 19, 1S8S. 

The Enston Home, Jan 8, 1888. 

Pitt's Statue, Dec 17, 189S. 

The Old Post Office, Feb 2, 1S96: Jan J. 
1S99. 

In St Philip's Cemetery, Jan 6, 1S95. 

Beaufort College— an Educational Land- 
mark, July 11, 1S97. 

AShrine of the Past— The Dead Town 
and Two Ruined Churches of Dorchester, 
Nov 17, 1895. 

The Old Dorchester Church and its Suc- 
cessor, Dec 16, 1895. 

Dorchester's Settlers, April 10, 183S. 

The Old Church at Goose Creek, Feb 14, 
1S87. 

Chronicles of Goose Creek, April 19, 1891. 

The Story of Purysburg, April 17, 1898. 

Reminiscences of St Andrew's Parish, 
March 27, 1876. 

The Parish of St David's, April 23, 1899. 

The Burial Places of the Landgraves 
Smith, Feb 6, 1896. 

Story of the Santee Canal. Feb 23, 1896. 

South Carolina's State House, July 10, 
1897. 

History of the State Seal, June 23, 1834. 

An Historic God's Acre— Old Waxhaw 
Burying Ground, June 19, 1S9S. 

Historic Yemassee, April 2S, 1S95. 

An Old Coffin Plate, (Gov Glen,) Jan 13, 
1S99. 

Our First Fire Engine, Jan 22, 1S99. 

Early American Racing, May 17, 1896. 

Racing in South Carolina, Jan 1, 1899. 

The Ravenel Records, July 3, 10. 1838. 

The First Theatre in America, Dec l.i, 
1895. 



Colonial Material. 

Colonial Carolina, April 12, 189*5. 

John Archdale, of Carolina, March 15, 
1896. 

The Cacique of Kiawah, July 29, 1890. 

Charleston Viewed Through Puritan 
Spectacles, &c, Two 'Remarkable Docu- 
ments, Sept 25, 1S98. 

Earliest of Colonial Dames, May 29, 1808. 

Couragre of Our Forefathers— Bits of 
Colonial History, Feb 14, 1897. 

Old Colonial Testaments, Den 13, 1896. 

Before the Revolution— Cost of Living. 
&c, Dec 27, 1896. 

Early Rice Planting in South Carolina, 
July 14, 16; Aug 26, 1875. 

Slavery in Colonial Days, Oct 19, 1S93. 

Chief Justice Trott— The man who 
hanged the Pirates, Feb 19, 1899. 

The Turf in Carolina, Jan 21, 1S71. 



Revolutionary Material. 

South Carolina in the Revolution, (Sal- 
ley), July 9, 1S99. 

The Women of South Carolina in the 
Revolution, July 4, 1874. 

Rebel Rolls of 1775, March 5, 12, 19, 189». 

A Revolutionary Relic— Roll of a Volun- 
teer Co, Formed in St Mark's Parish in 
1775, Oct 4, 1896. 

Cornwallis's Orders — Revolutionary Doc- 
uments Found in Raleigh, Nov 29, 1896. 

Story of the Battle of Cowpens, May 10, 
12, issi. 

The Eutaw and Cowpens Flag, Feb 17, 
1875. 

The Battle of King's Mountain. Oct 7, 8. 
1880. 

The Battle of Fort Moultrie — a descrip- 
tion in a Contemporary letter, Aug 25. 1875. 

History of the Battle of Fort Moultrie, 
June 27, 29, 1876. 

The Battle of Fort Moultrie, June 29, 
1891. 

[Contains many historical data, includ- 
ing an account from Marion's Order 
Book.] 

The Yorktown Monument, Oct 11, 17, 1881. 

Revolutionary Relic— a letter from 
Henry Laurens to his son, John, July 3, 
IS 13. 

Prisoners of St Augustine, Dec 12. 1891. 

A Loyalist's Bloody Story, Aug 28, 1898. 

Hon Wm Moultrie's Tomb. Sept 27. 1879. 

Mecklenburg's Resolves, Nov 24, 1895. 

Jacob Rumph, the Rebel, March 24, 18*5. 

Sons of the Revolution Address, Fen 24, 
1896. 



>l im-elliiiK .« Confederate Material. 

The Hero of the Alamo, April 5, 1S89. 

The Origin of Abolition, Aug 16, 1894. 

Northwestern Allies of the Southern 
Confederacy, Jan 3, 1887. 

The Boys of the Confederacy, Dec 27, 
1891. 

Confederate Books, (Snowden.) Aug 9, 
1903. 

Confederate Literature, Feb 15, 17, 1891. 

Confederate Flags, May 31, 1890. 

Home Life in War Times, Nov 14, 1883. 

Our Money in War Times, March 27, 1892. 

The Coins of the Confederacy, Feb 28, 
1S85. 

Confederate Money Makers, March 7, 
1897. 

Confederate Music, Nov 13, 1S9S. 

Postage in War Times, Jan 2, 1887. 

The Confederate Navy, May 10, 1899. 

[Note: The issues of May 10— May 14, 
1899, are full of valuable Confederate ma- 
terial.] 

Confederate Surgeons, May 21, 1899. 

Confederate Survivors registered at 
Greenville, Aug 29, 1897. 

List of Camps of the U. C. V., May 10, 
1S99. 

Scalping the Confederacy— some of the 
causes which led to its downfall, July 17, 
1887. 

Shoes in the Confederacy, Dec 19, 1886. 

The Confederate Treasury, March. 2^, 
1874. 

A Confederate Mystery— Why was no 
Southern Supreme Court Ever Estab- 
lished? July 4, 1899. 

Two Historic War Letters, Aug 6, 1899. 



Gen Beauregard— a sketch of. Feb 22, 
1893. 

Beauregard and Davis, March 2, 1S93. 

Eulogy on Jeff Davis. Dec 14. 1889. 

Episodes in the Life of Jeff Davis, Oct 2, 
1886. 

A Tribute to Mr Davis, June 14, 189G. 

Mr Davis's Place in History, June 21, 
1S93. 

Jeff Davis's Commissary, Feb 11, lS9t. 

Hampton. Lee and Farley, Dee 26, 1893. 

Hampton and his Staff, July 6. 3S96. 

Hampton in '76, Dec 1, 1890. 

Hampton's Duel. May 31, 1894. 

How Hampton Captured Grant's Entire 
Beef Supply, Oct 7, 1S94. 

Why Hood's Campaign Failed, May S, 
1898. 

Joseph E. Johnston, April 27, 1891. 

Gen Joseph T?. Kershaw, April 14. 1894 

Kershaw at Gettysburg. Jan 20, 1S95. 

Kershaw at Manassas, June 4. 1891. 

Kershaw's Capture, Dec 13. IS');!. 

Kershaw as a Soldier, April 25, 1894. 



Robert E. Lee, Jan 21, 1S96. 
Lee's Laurelled Legions, June 1, 1800. 
The World's Idea of Lee, May 29, 1890. 
Admiral Semmes— Personal Reminif 
cences, Sept 4, 1877. 



The Story of Appomattox, Jan 22, 1S34. 
The Battle of the Crater, Dec 22, 1805. 
The Battle of Fort Fisher, April 26, 1S96. 
Carolinians at Gettysburg, Oct 27, 1895. 
Heroes of Honey Hill, Nov 20, 1898. 
The Battle of Seven Pines, Oct 4, 1896. 
Sherman's March to the Sea, Jan 16, 1875. 



Our Heroic Dead, May 12, 1893. 
Our Dead at Point Lookout, Dec 25, 1899. 
The Dead Soldiers of the W. L. L, July 
8, 1894. 
Graves at Winchester, Va, June 22, 1S90. 



Story of Brooks's Battalion, Jan 23, 1898. 
Charleston Light Dragoons, Dee 19, 1897. 
Chichester's Cadets, Dec 18, 1893. 
The Darlington Guards, Nov 15, 189i». 
The 1st S. C. Regiment, April 26, 1896. 
The 27th S. C. Regiment, Nov 12, 1899. 
A Sketch of Hart's Battery, Aug 1, 1S97. 
Record of Hart's Battery, July 16, 17, 20, 
1875. 
Walter's Light Battery, Dec 4, 1898. 



The Burning of Columbia, Sept 11, 1S79. 

Who made "The Little David," Oct 4, 12, 
1895. 

The Palmetto Flag, March 13, 1880. 

A Hebrew Hero. (Sergt William Fo'O, 
March 30, 1S97. 

Southern Heroes in War, Dec 18. 1832. 

Heroes of Reconstruction, Feb 12, 1899. 

Hebrews in the War of Secession, Jan 3. 
1892. 

"Maryland, My Maryland"— Story of its 
Origin, June 2, 1S95. 

Memorial Day Addresses, May 11, 1875; 
May 11, 1893. 

The Story of the War, (Statistical), July 
13, 1S90. 

The Prostrate State* (Beecher), Jan 6, 
1874. 

The Southern Soldiers— a tribute, May 28, 
1894. 

The First Shot at Sumter, Nov 24, 1892. 

The Truth of History, (Jeff Davis on 
Sherman's slander), June 10, 1875. 

The Objects of the Confederate War, 
June 25, 1885. 

A Vindication of the South, May 26, 1895. 



ltiou'pni>li JchI Material. 

Washington Allston, March 24, 1S89. 
"The Antient Lady"— an editorial obitu- 
ary, July 20, 1877. 
Gen Lewis M. Ayer, March 9. 1895. 



John Bachman, Feb 25, 1874. 

Judah P. Benjamin— (Life in England), 

March 27, 1898. 

Gen John Bratton, Aug 28, 1898. 

John C. Calhoun, Feb 3, 1893. 

Arthur Hugh Clough, May 21, 1899. 

Lewis I. Cohen, (the first manufacturer 
of lead pencils and steel pens in America), 
April 20, 1898. 

Charles Jones Colcock, Nov 27, 1898. 

William Crafts, June 27, 1896. 

Capt F. W. Dawson, March 13, 14, 15, 17, 
1889. 

Col N. H. R. Dawson, Feb 7, 1895. 

Gen Stephen Elliott, Dec 18, 1398. 

Basil L. Gildersleeve, Dec 19, 1892. 

William M. Grier, Sept 9, 1899. 

Francis Huger Harleston, April 18, 1893, 

Lieut Paul H. Hayne, Dec 10, 1S99. 

Charles Colcock Jones, July 20, 1893. 

Maj Gen D. R. Jones, Nove 15, 1896. 

Maj Gen J. B. Kershaw, April 12, 1S96. 

Solomon Legare, April 24, 189S. 

Commodore Levy— an Americau Dreyfus. 
Aug 30, 1899. 

"Lowndes of South Carolina,'' June 15, 
1876. 

Andrew Gordon Magrath, April 10, 1S93. 

C. G. Memminger, March 8, 1888. 

Dr Middleton Michel, June 5, 1894. 

Hon N. R. Middleton, Sept 8, 1S90. 

John Miller, the Printer, Dec 25, 1889, 

John A. Moroso, Oct 28, 1895. 

Chief Justice Moses, Oct 9, I860. 

Maj Mordecai Myers, Jan 28, 1871. 

A Word Picture of Petigru, April 1, 1S91. 

Samuel B. Pickens, Sept 18. 1891. 

Mother of the Pinckneys, June 7, 1896. 

Gen Thomas Pinckney, June 30, 1895. 

Mrs Poyas, Jan 24. 1S89. 

Mrs Margaret J. Preston, April 2, 1897. 

Augustus Julian Requier, March 23. 1887. 

Robert Barnwell Rhett, Sept IS. 1S76. 

Col James H. Rion, March 0. 1SS7. 

Gen B. H. Rutledge, May 1, 1S9.'' 

W. Gilmore Simms, June 14, 1370; Jane 
11, 12, 1879. 

Thomas Y. Simons, May 1, 1878. 

Gen Thomas Sumter, June 26. 1S9S. 

The Poet Timrod, March 27, 1891. 

Timrod's Checkered Career, March 5, 
1899. 

Timrod, a Tribute to, March 12, 1899. 

A Timrod Bibliography, March 26, 1899. 

Timrod and his Poetry, April 30, 1399. 

Timrod, a Northern Critic's Tribute to, 
June 4, 1899. 

Timrod, "The Charleston Singer," July 
9, 1899. 

Henry Timrod. July 23. 1899. 

Timrod, a Tribute to, Nov 19, 1800. 

William Lowndes Yancey, May 2. IS92. 



Miscellaneous. 

List of the General Assembly in 1874, 
Dec 2, 1874. 

Some Rare Old Books, March 22, 1891. 

The Old Charleston "Boros," April S, 
1S76. 

Early Charleston Text Books, Sept 10, 
1899. 

Old Charleston Imprints, Dec 25, 1S98. 

Charleston in 1810 and 1S77— a Retrospect, 
Sept 28, 1877. 

South Carolina in 1873. Jan 1, 1S74. 

Chronological Calendar for 1875, Jan 1, 
1876. 

Calhoun Vindicated, June 4, 1899. 

Carolinians and Spaniards, July 3, 1893. 

The Mecklenburg Centennial, May 12, 
1875. 

Members of the Convention of S. C, 1788. 
April 9, 1870. 

The Commerce of Charleston, 1784-1884, 
Feb 12, 1884. 

Daniel Deronda— a Synopsis, Sept 12, 1876. 

The Epic of all the Ages, (Barnwell.) 
July 19, 1893. 

Lists of Firemen, April 28, 1866. 

Fiske's False History, Oct 16, 1898. 

The German Fusilier's Centennial, May 
3, 4, 1875. 

Hebrews in America, April 24, 1SS7. 

Hebrews in the Spanish War, Oct 23, 
1898. 

How History Repeats Itself in Politics, 
(1832-1890,) Sept 5, 1890. 

The Code of Honor, May 24, 1836. 

Ideals of Life, (Sass,) June 19, 1898. 

Illiteracy Before the War, Jan 19, 1883. 

Comparative Illiteracy Again. Jan 24, 
1883. 

Andrew Jackson's Duel, July 10, 1S95. 

Old Hickory's Birthplace, Oct 2, 1880. 

The Jacksonian Epoch, May 11, 1S99. 

Illustrious Jews, July 9, 1S93. 

Prejudice Against the Jews, July 10, 1887. 

The Russian Jews— Origin and Cause of 
their Persecution, Jan 7, 1894. 

A Tribute to the Jews, (from Coningsbv.) 
July 2, 1877. 

The Wandering Jew, Feb 16, 1896. 

Jewish Women, Jan 31, 1897. 

Curiosities of Literature, March 4, 1SS9. 

McCrady's History Criticised, July 10, 
1898; July 16, Aug 27, Dec 17, 1899. 



The Merchant of Venice, Jan 6, 1870; Jan 
23, 1896. 
"Millions for Defence," Nov 26, 1895. 
Milton's Minor Poems, May 17, 1884. 

Some Newspapers of Charleston, March 
29, 1896. 

The Negro in South Carolina, March 19, 
1870. 

Superstitions of Negroes, May 13, 1888. 

An Appeal to Pharaoh, Oct 3, 4, 1889. 

A Plantation Plough Song, Aug 5, 1SSS. 

Nullification Times, Oct 10, 18*8. 

Old Nullification Days, April 5, 1S96. 

Osceola, June 20, 1897. 

The Ruins of Ancient Rome, (De La 
Torre,) April 2, 1899. 

South Carolina's Responsibility for Ne- 
gro Slavery, April 11, 1874. 

The Last Cargo of Slaves, June 28, 1S96 

The Real Slave Dealers, April 14, 1SS8. 

Religion and Slavery, Nov 22, 1891. 

The Old South as it Was, June 20, 1897. 

Dialects of the South, Aug 6, 1S8S. 

The Jews of the South, Sept 7, 1S96. 

The South in Literature, July 2, 1899. 

Southern Literature as a National 
Force, May 23, 1892. 

The Poetry of the South, March 28, 1886. 

The Writers of the South, Oct 29, 1S91. 

Pioneers of Southern Literature, Sspt 
27. 1896. 

Woman in the Old South, Feb 20, 1893. 

Southern Magazines, (Salley.) Aug 27, 
1899. 

South Carolina in Letters, Deo 14, 1890. 

Poets of South Carolina, May 10, 1896. 

Women Writers of South Carolina, July 
19, 1903. 

South Carolina Book Plates, Jan 4, 1891. 

Trent's Life of Simms, March 31, April ' 
IS, 1892. 

French Spoliation Claims, April 2. 1899. 

Charles Sumner's Slanders, (Sfmms,) 
Nov 12. 1S99. 

The Place of Tennyson in English 
Poetry, Feb 19, 1893. 

Texas in 1865. Jan 12. 1S96. 

South Carolina Texans, Sept 1. 1893. 

The First Thanksgiving Proclamation, 
Nov 26, 1896. 

Washington and Lincoln, June 26, 1899. 

W. L. I. Roster for 1874. Feb 24. 1S74. 



[Reprinted from the Sunday News, February 9, 1908] 



Leaves from My 

Historical Scrap Book. 

By Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 



Seooontl Series. No 3. 



PENINA MOISE (1797- 



I shall devote my "Scrap Book" to-day 
to a selection from the poems of Penina 
Moise, the blind Charleston singer, whose 
name was a household word in thousands 
of Southern homes a generation ago. I 
shall not tell the checkered story of her 
life. Those interested in that story will 
find it told in detail in my volume on "The 
Jews of South Carolina," pp. 181-185. The 
exigencies of space will only permit a few 
examples of the products of her Muse, 
which comprise a vast variety of themes, 
"from grave to gay, from lively to 
severe." Should any reader, touched by 
these examples of her song feel a desire 
for more, he can gratify his wish by con- 
sulting the numerous references to her 
poems at the end of my articie. 

Penina Moise is best known by the 
volume of hymns which she wrote for the 
Congregation Beth Elohim, of which she 
was a member, some of which hymns are 
still in use. Of these compositions I can 
only find room for three or four examples. 

The first, and technically, perhaps, her 
best, is the hymn she wrote for the re- 
consecration of the Synagogue which had 
been burnt to the ground in the great fire 
Of 1838. 

CONSECRATION HYMN. 

When Faith, too young for a sublimer 
creed, 
Her simple text from nature's volume 
taught, 
She 'wakened Melody, whose shell and 
reed, 
Though rude, upon her spirit gently 
wrought. 
But soon from sylvan altars she took 
wing, 
And music followed still the angel's 
flight; 
Savage no more, she touched a golden 
string, 
And sung of God. in Revelation's light. 
Lend, lend our chords, ye seraph-pair, 

The soul of Jesse's son, 
That we may in harmonious prayer, 
Exalt the Holy One! 



Girt in His lightning robe, God gave the 
law 
From trembling Sinai, to His eldest- 
born; 
Tablets, that time from memory could not 
draw, 
A talisman in Judah's bosom worn. 
His spirit before thousands past, 

To one alone revealed; 
And 'mid the thunder's awful blast, 
Faith's covenant was sealed. . 

"Him first, Him last," Him let us ever 
sing, 
Whose promise yet the Hebrew pilgrim 
cheers; 
Who shall His wandering people once 
more bring 
Back to the glory of departed years. 
Bright pillar of our desert path, 

Through shame and scorn adored; 
Thy mercy triumphs o'er thy wrath, 
Creator, King, and Lord! 

Lost is the pomp, that in the land of 
palms 
Thy regal temple on Moriah graced; 
No wreathing incense here Thy shrine 
embalms, 
No cherub-plumes are round its altars 
placed. 
Our censer is the "vital urn," 
Our arfi's upborne by zeal; 
To these, Almighty! wilt thou turn 
At Israel's appeal. 

Now, let joyous Hallelujah's ring, 

The fallen casts her ashes far away; 
Behold another fane from ruin spring, 

In brighter and more beautiful array. 
Enter in brotherly accord 

God's holy dwelling-place; 
Chastened in spirit and in word, 

There supplicate His grace. 

Hear, O Supreme! our humble invocation; 

Our country, kindred, and the stranger 
bless! 
Bless, too, this sanctuary's consecration. 

Its hallowed purpose on our hearts im- 
press. 
Still, still let choral harmony 

Ascend before Thy throne; 
While echoing seraphim reply: — 

The Lord our God is One! 



A good example of the easy-flowing 

rhythm of her hymns, is No. 121. It is 
included in many collections, though few 
know the authoress. 

PRAYER. 

Pray when the morn unveileth 

Her glories to thine eyes; 
Pray when the sun-light faileth, 

And stars usurp the skies, 
Far from my bosom flinging 

Each worldly thought impure, 
The praise of God he singing, 

Mortal! for evermore. 

Pray for the friend whose kindness 

Ne'er failed in word or deed; 
Pray for the foe whose blindness 

Hath caused thy heart to bleed. 
A blessing for thy neighbor 

Ask thou of God above; 
And on thy hallowed labor 
Shall fall His smile of love. 

Beside the stranger's altar, 

Or at thy proper shrine, 
Let not thy accents falter 

In utt'ring truths divine. 
But e'en when life is waning, 

Thy faith with zeal declare— 
One God alone is reigning 

Whose worship none may share. 

Penina Moise's most popular hymn, is 
No 68 in the Collection. No hymn by a 
modern Jewish writer has been more sung 
than this. Several appropriate musical 
settings have been adapted to it, the best 
to my idea, being the well-known music 
of Von Weber. As to the hymn itself, I 
think that it deserves a place in the com- 
pany of the best ever written. 

SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF GOD. 

God Supremo! to Thee I pray. 
Let my lips be taught to say, 
Whether good or ill may flow, 
Hallelujah, be it so! 

What Thy wisdom may dictate 
Let Thy servant vindicate; 
Though it may my hopes o'erthrow. 
Hallelujah, bo it so! 



When by disappointment stung, 
Hard it is for human tongue 
Still to say, though tears may flow, 
Hallelujah, be it so! 

Yet, from Mercy's aid shall spring 
Strength of spirit still to sing 
'Mid bereavement, pain, and woe. 
Hallelujah, be it so! 

The last hymn to which I shall refer, is 
one that is used on New Year's Eve in 
every Congregation where the Union 
Piayer Book is used. Very few are those 
who know that this popular hymn is taken 
from the Charleston Hymn Book. 

NEW YEAR. 

Into the tomb of ages past 
Another year hath now been cast: 
Shall time, unheeded, take its flight, 
Nor leave one ray of moral light. 
That on man's pilgrimage may shine. 
And lead his soul to spheres divine? 

* * * * * » • 

Peace to the house of Israel! 
May joy within it ever dwell! 
May sorrow on the opening year, 
Forgetting its accustomed tear, 
With smiles again fond kindred meet, 
With hopes revived the festal greet! 



Friends may falsify my trust. 
Kindred also prove unjust, 
Wound my heart and chill its glow,— 
Hallelujah, be it so! 

Health and comfort may decline, 
Why at 1hls should I repine? 
Both to Thee, my God, I owe, 
Hallelujah, bo it so! 



Much of Penina Moise's poetry may be 
called "occasional" poetry, the poem being 
suggested by some or other incident in 
the life of the poetess. A good example 
of this occurs in No 7S of the Collection— 
her expression of sorrow and faith on the 
occasion of the death of her sister 
Rachel, to whom she was most dearly at- 
tached. 

When I would smile, remembrance 
brings 
I A thousand sad and bitter things, 

Vexations, crosses, wrongs and woes 
I That blighted hope and broke repose. 
I Heavenly Sire! Holy One! 

When shall I say, Thy will be done! 
■ 

; I mourned for one who. like a twin, 
I Shared every thought that passed within; 

"Oli! would that I might die for thee," 

Was echoed in my agony. 

Heavenly Sire! Holy One! 
; J should have said, Thy will bo done! 

Time brought me to the Lord, my Shield, 
Whose help my wounds ha I scarcely 

healed 
When suff rings, various and deep. 
Destroyed my health and banished sloop; 
Heavenly Siro! Holy One! 
My words were not. Thy will bo done! 



I saw my kindred's fortunes changed, 
The feelings of my friends estranged; 
In silence I was doomed to grieve 
O'er wants my hand could not relieve. 
Heavenly Sire! Holy One! 
I said not yet, Thy will be done! 

How weak in faith must I have been; 

How led by sorrow into sin, 

In trial ne'er to recognize 

The seraph mercy in disguise. 

Heavenly Sire! Holy One! 

My heart now says, Thy will be done! 



A loyal Jewess at heart, it is quite nat- 
ural that a number of Penina Moise's 
poems should have been devoted to topics 
relating to the emancipation of her peo- 
ple. Of these poems, I will give two speci- 
mens. 

TO PERSECUTED FOREIGNERS. 

(From the Southern Patriot, Feb 23, 1820.) 



Fly from the soil whose desolating creed. 
Outraging faith, makes human victims 

bleed. 
Welcome! where every Muse has reared 

a shrine, 
The respect of wild Freedom to 1 eflne. 

Upon OUR Chieftain's».brow no crown ap- 
pears; 

No gems are mingled with his silver hairs. 

Enough that Laurels bloom amid its 
snows, 

Enriched with these, the sage all else fore- 
goes. 

If thou art one of that oppressed race, 
Whose name's a proverb, and whose lot's 

disgrace, 
Brave the Atlantic— Hope'-s broad anchor 

weigh, 
A Western Sun will gild your future "lay. 

Zeal is not blind in this our temp'rate soil; 

She has no scourge to make the sold re- 
coil. 

Her darkness vanished when our stars 
did flash; 

Her red arm, grasped by Reason, dropt 
the lash. 

OUR Union, Liberty and Peaca imparts, 
Starnpt on our standards, graven on our 

hearts; 
The first, from crush'd Ambition's ruin 

rose, 
Thelast, on Victory's field spontaneour 

grows. 



Rise, then, elastic from Oppression's 

tread, 
Come and repose on Plenty's flowery oec'i. 
Oh! not as Strangers shall your welcome 

be, 
Come to the homes and bosoms of the 

free. 

THE REJECTION OF THE JEW BILL, 

BY THE HOUSE OF LORDS. 

(From the Courier, Sept 1-1, 1833.) 



"And the heart of Pharaoh was hard- 
ened—neither would he let the children of 
Israel go." 

Why against Folly point satiric swords? 

Rise scornful Muse and sing the House of 
Lords! 

Let bigot pride your boldest stroke re- 
ceive, 

Patrician prejudice relentless cleave. 

Who would have looked for Jesuitic 
tenets, 

St Omer's scourges within British Sen- 
ates? 

Who could have dreamed a faggot yet 
would blaze, 

Far more unquenchable than zealots raise, 

Felled from the highest branches of a 
tree, 

Rooted within the soil of Liberty? 

Spotless are now the records of old Spain: 

For Acts of Faith leave not so deep a 
stain, 

Nor structures based on erring supersti- 
tion, 

As this Aristocratic Inquisition. 

Was it a Vulture fierce or gentle Dove. 

Sent as the type of mediatorial love? 

Faithful disciples! well ye emulate 

Your intercessor by intolerant hate. 

Forgetting Fate's antithesis, ye wield 

Oppression's rod, instead of Mercy's 
shield. 

Apostatizing from that plan divine, 

Which grants to Justice no sectarian 
shrine. 

A star once led to Virtue in the East, 

Not such the sparkler on a ducal breast. 

This to no godlike attribute will guide. 

Though Fame a Wellington has deified. 

Hero! if laurelled brow that name de- 
serve. 

Coward! by nobler test— the moral nerve 

Proud Philistine, explore the secret spring. 

That moved the puppets of thy martial 
ring; 

In Israel's hand thou'lt find the golden 
wire, 

Whose impulse stirred Enthusiasm's fire. 

And to this sordid bourn they would con- 
fine 

The noble remnant of a lofty hne; 



Crush the high aspirant to. Glory's meed, 
And bid him from her brilliant lists re- 
cede. 
By civil excommunication blast, 
Souls in the purest mould of Honor cast. 
L,ike the red text upon the regal wall, 
Truth flashes warning of that nation's 

fall, 
Which in the revel of prosperity 
Profanes the cup — nor heeds the captives' 

cry. 
It cannot be— Britannia must explode 
That dark deformity from Freedom's 

code. 
It shall not be! with prescient exultation. 
My joyous harp rings out Emancipation! 



Old, blind and poor, Penina Moise, in 
her 83rd year, addressed her last poem to 
all her "dear relatives and friends in 
acknowledgement of their unremitting 
kindness:" ' 

I^ong past the allotted term of mortal 
years, 

My soul a captive in the vale of tears, 

Flutters its wings, to shake the dust 
away, 

Contracted in its narrow cage of clay; 

Conscious the hour of freedom is at hand, 

When it will soar to Faith's own father- 
land, 

By mercy there with manna to be fed, 

Gathered by angels for their daily bread, 

And with "the just made perfect" ever 
shared, 

Whose deeds on earth, their souls for 
heaven prepared. 

Such is at least the promise Hope has 
made, 

In dreams where Paradise is oft por- 
trayed 

As a more glorious Eden than the first, 

Where life's most tragic drama was re- 
hearsed. 

But why should I not wish to linger here? 

Do I not dwell in Friendship's atmos- 
phere? 

Where generous souls such balmy tribute 
bring. 

As makes my wintry age so like to spring 

That scarce the blind recluse, amid its 
snows. 

Detects the absence of the vernal rose. 

Scant in the hour-glass of Time are now 
The sands symbolic of life's measured 

flow, 
But ere the few that still remain shall 

fall. 
On thee long long slumbering muse, for 

aid I call. 
Through inspirations golden medium yet 
In part to cancel gratitude's past debt. 



Vain hope! that such poor coinage could 
repay 

The sterling gifts received from day to 
day. 

To Heaven for requital I commend, 

My kindred dear, and many a faithful 
friend, 

Praying through future years they may 
enjoy, 

Health, peace and happiness without al- 
loy. 

Praise to my young associates who de- 
light 
To be as 'twere to me a second sight, 
Through which alone I may again behold, 
Flowers and gems of intellectual mould — 
Whose gentle ministry, with soothing 

power, 
Brightens my spirit in its cloudiest hour, 
Till e'en through darkened vision it per- 
ceives 
The silver interlining Mercy weaves. 



Penina Moise was remarkably prolific 
with her pen, and while much of her writ- 
ing does not rise above the level of aver- 
age feminine verse, she certainly must 
have possessed an extraordinary gift to 
be able week after week— frequently as 
often as three times a week — to contribute 
long poems on almost every conceivable 
subject to the columns of a single paper. 
Someone who has more time at his dis- 
posal than myself, may hereafter desire 
to make a deeper study of Penina Moise 
as a writer. I therefore append a list of 
references to The Courier where most of 
her literary compositions, prose and 
poetry, are to be found. The list is by no 
means complete. 

January 19: February 9, 1828. 

June 12, 15, 1830. 

March 31; April 9, 16. 23: May 11; August 
2, 9. 23: September 8, 1831. 

March 6. 15; June 25, 1832. 

June 14, 19, 1833. 

February 18; August 19; September 24: 
October 1. 25. 29; November 20. 1834. 

March 4. 13: April 10. 14. -835. 

April 22, 1836. 

April 6, 14, 26: May 2, 6. 17, 18; June 1. 
5. fi. 0. 15, 20, 1837. 

May 10. 24; June 2G; July 3. 6. 11, 17. 24; 
August 2. C, 9: September 10. 25; October 
16. 23. 1838. 

February 3, March 19. 26. 28; August 28. 
29; September 7. 16; October 16. 28: Novem- 
ber 19, 1840. 

March 21. 28: Mnv 20. 25. 26. 31; June 9; 
December 19. 2S. 1843. 

December 5. 1845. 

February 24; March 4; August 30; Octo- 
ber 7, 28; November 26: December 9. 1S47. 

October 17. 27. 1854. 



from My 
Historical Scrap Book. 



By Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 



Second Series; JVo 4 

Jacob Henry and His Speech. 

In the "Iieaves from my Historical 
Scrap Book," which I have been pub- 
lishing', I have 'fried my best to impress 
the reader with the fact of the vast 
wealth of historical treasures that lie 
buried in the paiges of the newspaper-press 
of South Carolina— treasures that deserve 
to be exploited by historical students of 
our State. My research is now completed, 
and, while T'shall soon bring my articles 
definitely to : an end, for the sole. reason 
that I can no longer afford to make the 
sacrifice of time that this work necessi- 
tates, and because I think that I have 
done enough— I would state here that I 
have sufficient material at hand to con- 
tinue this work for the next ten years, 
without 'exhausting' myself. Perhaps some 
other student will arise, who will be will- 
ing to "enter into my labors." 

I propose to-day to reprint a remark- 
able speech, delivered before the legisla- 
ture of North Carolina, -in the year 1.S09. 
The circumstances that gave occasion to 
this speech Were the following: Jacob 
Henry, a Jew, had been elected^ a mem- 
ber for Carteret County in 1S0S. In,l§09 
a motion was made 1 to vacate his seat, on 
the ground of his "denial of the Divine 
authority of :i the New Testament." The 
"speech is <his defence. > It was originaHy 
printed in the Petersburg Republican, re- 
printed in the Baltimore American, and 
thence thrice reprinted in Charleston—in 
the Courier of February 3, 1S10, in the 
City Gazette and Daily Advertiser of the 
same datej -and in The; Cavolin?;; Gazette 



of February 6, 1810. It is reprinted, some- 
what abbreviated and changed, in 
Wheeler's "Historical Sketches of North 
Carolina," Vol 2, pp 74-76, and thence in- 
corporated by Mv Huehner in Vol 16 of 
the Publications of the American Jewish 
Historical Society. Who Jacob Henry 
was, I shall discuss at length in a future 
article. 

Wheeler, in his "Historical Sketches of 
North Carblina," Vol 2, pp 74-76, referring 
to . the incident, remarks: 
, "In 1809 the seat of Jacob Henry, one 
of,, the members.: from this county, [Car- 
teret,] was vacated on the ground that 
"he denied the Divine authority of the 
New Testament." Mr Henry, in an able 
speech, said to be the production of Chief 
Justice Taylor, defended his rights, and 
he .was aided by the luminous efforts of 
Judge Gaston." 

Wheeler is mistaken as to the fact of 
Jacob Henry. being unseated. Witness the 
following frpm the Raleigh Register, and 
North Carolina State Gazette of Thurs- 
day, .December 7,, 1809: 

: ,.... "Wednesday, December 6. 

"The greater part of this day's sitting 
was consumed in discussing the resolution 
introduced for expelling Mr Jacob Henry, 
on the ground of his being a Jew, and 
having refused to qualify upon the New 
Testament. The friends of the Resolu- 
tion,, supported it on the following article 
of the Constitution: 

"That no person who shall deny the 
being of God, or the truth of the Protest- 
ant Religion, or the Divine authority 



either of the Old or New Testament, or 
who shall hold religious principles incom- 
patible with the freedom and safety of 
the State, shall be capable of holding any 
office or place of trust or profit in the 
civil department within this State." 

"Those opposed to the adoption of the 
Resolution contended that the above arti- 
cle was not intended to operate against 
Members of the Assembly, but against 
persons holding offices; as the preceding 
articles had been particular in pointing 
out the qualifications of Members of 
Assembly. After considerable debate the 
House resolved itself into a Committee 
of the Whole, in order to hear the evi- 
dence in support of the charge. No suffi- 
cent evidence appearing, the Resolution 
was disagreed to, and of course, Mr H. 
keeps his seat." 

Here, then, is the report of the speech, 
as it appeared in our local papers: 

TRUTH AND ELOQUENCE! 

A motion was made at the last session 
of the Legislature of North Carolina, for 
the expulsion of Mr Henry Jacobs (sic.) 
a Jew, and member of that House. To 
the motion he made the following speech 
in that body in behalf of himself and con- 
stituents. The speech is alleged to be 
from the impulse of the moment. A more 
eloquent and argumentative one we have 
seldom seen. The motion was unanimous- 
ly rejected. — Bait. American. 

Mr Henry— Though I will not conceal the 
surprise I felt that the gentleman should 
have thought proper yesterday to have 
moved my expulsion from this House, on 
the alleged ground that I "disbelieved in 
the divine authority of the New Testa- 
ment," without considering himself bound 
by those rules of politeness which, ac- 
cording to my sense of propriety, should 
have led him to give me some previous 
intimation of his design,— yet since I am 
brought to the discussion, I feel prepared 
to meet the object of his Resolution. 

I certainly, Mr Speaker, know not the 
design of the Declaration of Rights made 
by the people of this State in the year '76, 



and one day before the Constitution, if It 
was not to consecrate certain great and 
fundamental rights and principles, which 
even the Constitution could not impair; 
for the 44th section of the latter instru- 
ment declares, that the Declaration of 
Rights ought never to be violated on any 
pretence whatever. If there is any ap- 
parent difference between the two instru- 
ments, they ought, if possible, to be re- 
conciled. But if there is a final repug- 
nance between them, the Declaration of 
Rights must be considered paramount: 
For I believe that it is to the Constitu- 
tion as the Constitution is to a law; it 
controls and directs it absolutely and con- 
clusively. If, then, a belief in the Pro- 
testant religion is required by the Consti- 
tution to qualify a man for a seat in this 
House, and such qualification is dispensed 
with by the Declaration of Rights, the 
provision of the Constitution must be al- 
together inoperative, as the language of 
the Bill of Rights is, that all men have 
a natural and unalienable right to wor- 
ship Almighty God according to the dic- 
tates of their own conscience. It is un- 
doubtedly a natural right, and when it is 
declared to be an unalienable one, by the 
people in their original capacity, any at- 
tempt to alienate it, either by the Consti- 
tution or by law, must be vain and fruit- 
less. 

It is difficult to conceive how such a 
provision crept into the Constitution, un- 
less it was from the difficulty the human 
mind feels in suddenly emancipating it- 
self from fetters by which it ha3 lon.-j 
been enchained; and how averse it is to 
the feelings and manners of the people 
of the present day, every gentleman may 
satisfy himself by glancing at the relig- 
ious belief of the persons who fill the va- 
rious civil offices of this State. There are 
Presbyterians, Lutherans, Calvinists, Meii- 
onists, Baptists, Trinitarians and Unita- 
rians.— But as far as my observation ex- 
tends, there are fewer Protestants, in the 
strict sense of the word used by the Con- 
vention, than of any other persuasion: 
for I suppose that they meant by it the 



Protestant religion as established by the 
law of England. For other persuasions 
we see houses of worship in almost every 
part of the State, but very few for 
Protestants; so few, that indeed I fear 
that the people of this State would for 
some time remain unrepresented in this 
House, if that clause of the Constitu- 
tion is supposed to be in force. So far 
from believing in the truth of the 39 Ar- 
ticles, I will venture to assert, that a ma- 
jority of the people have never read them. 
If a man should hold religious principles 
incompatible with the freedom and safety 
of the State, I do not hesitate to pro- 
nounce that he should be excluded from 
the public councils of the same; and 1 
trust that if I know myself, no one would 
be more ready to aid and assist than my- 
self. But I should really be at a loss to 
specify and know religious principles 
which are thus dangerous. It is surely a 
question between a man and his Maker, 
and requires more than human attributes 
to pronounce which of the numerous sects 
prevailing in the world is most accepta- 
ble to the Deity. If a man fuliils the du- 
ties of that religion, which his education 
or his conscience has pointed out to him 
as the true one, no person, I hold, in thici 
our land of liberty, has a right to ar- 
raign him at the bar of any inquisition. 
And the day I trust is long past, when 
principles merely speculative were pro- 
pagated by force, when the sincere and 
pious were made victims, and the light 
minded bribed into hypocrites. 

The proud monuments of liberty knew 
that the purest homage man could render 
to the Almighty, was in the sacrifice of 
his passions and in the performance of his 
duties; that the ruler of the Univers? 
would receive with equal benignity, tiie 
various offerings of man's adoration, if 
they proceed from an humble spirit and 
sincere mind; that intolerance in matters 
of faith had been from the earliest ages of 
the world the severest torment by which 
mankind could be afflicted; and that gov- 
ernments were only concerned about the 



actions and conduct of man, and not hi3 
speculative notions. Who among us 
feels himself so exalted above his fel- 
lows, as to have a right to dictate to 
them their mode of belief? Shall this free 
country set an example of persecution, 
which even the returning reason of en- 
slaved Europe would not submit to? Will 
you bind the conscience in chains, and 
fasten conviction on the mind in spite of 
the conclusions of reason, and of those 
ties and habitudes which are blended with 
every pulsation of the heart? Are you pre- 
pared to plunge at once from the sub- 
lime heights of moral legislation into the 
dark and gloomy caverns of superstitious 
ignorance? Will you drive from your 
shores and from the shelter of your Con- 
stitutions, all who do not lay their obla- 
tions on the same altar, observe the 
same ritual, and subscribe to the same 
dogmas? If so, which among the va- 
rious sects into which we are divided shall 
be the favored one? I should insult the 
understanding of this House to suppose it 
possible that they could assent to such ab- 
surdities. For all know that persecution 
in all its shapes and modifications is con- 
trary to the genius of our government 
and the spirit of our laws; and that it 
never can produce any other effect, than 
to render men hypocrites or martyrs. 
When Charles the 5th, Emperor of Ger- 
many, tired of the cares of government, 
resigned his crown to his son, he retired 
to a monastery, where he amused the 
evening of his life in regulating the move- 
ments of watches, endeavoring to make 
a number keep the same time, but not be- 
ing able to make any two go exactly alike, 
it led him to reflect on the folly and 
crimes he had committed, in attempting 
the impossibility of making men think 
alike!! 

Nothing is more easily demonstrated 
than that the conduct alone is the sub- 
ject of human laws, and that man ought 
to suffer civil disqualification for what 
he does, and not for what he thinks. The 
mind can receive laws only from him of 



whose divine essence it is a portion;' he 
alone can punish the disobedient; for who 
else can know its movements, or esti- 
mate their merits'? The religion I profess 
inculcates every duty which man owes 
to his fellow men; it enjoins upon its 
votaries the practice of every virtue, and 
the detestation of every vice; it teaches 
them to' hope for the faVor of Heaven, ex- 
actly in proportion as their' lives are di- 
rected by just, honorable and beneficent 
maxims'— This, then, ' gentlemen, is 1 my 
creed; it was impressed upon my infant 
mind, it has been the director of my 
youth, the monitor of my manhood, and 
will, I trust, be the consolation of my old 
age. 

At any rate, Mr Speaker, I am sure that 
you cannot see any thing in this religion 
to deprive me of my seat in this House. 
So far as relates to my life and conduct, 
the examination of these I submit with 
cheerfulness to your candid and liberal 
construction. What may be the religion 



of him who'ma'de this objection against 
me, or whether he has any religion or not, 1 
I am unable to say. I have never con- 
sidered it my duty to pry into the belief 
of other members of this House: if their 
actions were upright and their conduct 
just, the rest is for their own considera- 
tion, not for mine. I do not seek to make 
converts to my faith, whatever it may be 
esteemed in the eyes of my officious friend; 
nor do I expel' any man from my esteem 
or friendship, because he and I- differ in 
that respect. The sarrie charity, therefore, 
it is not unreasonable to expect, will be 
extended to myself, because in ; all things 
that relate fo the State and to the duties 
of civil life, lam bound by the same ob- 
ligations with my fellowcitizens: nor does 
any man subscribe rhore sineerely thari 
myself, to' the maxim: "Whatever ye 
would that men should do unto you, do 
you so even unto them, for such is the 
law and the Prophets." 



[Reprinted from the Sunday News, February 23, 1908.] 



Leaves from My 

Historical Scrap Book. 



By Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 



Second Series. — No 5. 



PENINA MOISE (II.) 

Since the publication of the specimens 
of the writings of Penina Moise in my 
"Scrap Book" of two weeks ago, thanks 
to the courtesy of Mrs Nina Solomons, of 
Sumter— a namesake of Penina Moise— I 
have been privileged to examine a con- 
siderable collection of that writer's liter- 
ary remains. I am sorry to say that the 
examination did not yield much of value. 
I have likewise carefully looked over her 
"Fancy's Sketch Book," a dainty little 
volume, published in Charleston, in 1833, 
which contains a reprint of some 
sixty poems, practically all of which, 
however, might have been allowed 
to rest in peace where they were origin- 
ally printed, without any loss to litera- 
ture. Penina Moise's claim to remem- 
brance will continue to rest entirely upon 
her hymns. Inasmuch, however, as I 
have undertaken to preserve her best 
work, I will to-day give a few further 
specimens, including a couple of examples 
of her lighter work, but which I am af- 
raid, are not to be considered above the 
level of average mediocrity— while the 
best of their kind in her writings. 

The atmosphere in which Penina Moise 
lived was not a healthy one. Poverty, 
sickness, suffering and death, which 
played so large a part in her personal ex- 
perience, naturally enough, find constant 
expression in her writings. She was one 
who literally "learned in suffering what 
she taught in song;" and while the key- 
note of Resignation and Faith run like a 
golden thread through her compositions, 
the themes, to the outsider, are monoton- 
ously depressing. 



Here are two "personal" poems which 
I have not hitherto met with in print: 

MEDITATION ON THE DEATH OF MY 
BROTHER. 

Has Faith forbidden human tears to flow, 
When loving souls their last farewell 

have spoken? 
Or Nature asked that tribute to forego, 
When link by link her strongest chain is 

broken? 

Oh! best of all THAT Faith to me ap- 
pears, 

Which walks with simple Nature, side by 
side — 

Nor, on the grave when fall affliction's 
tears, 

Those drops of feeling, as rebellious 
chide. 

Welcome that Grace whose cheering "Na- 

hamoo" 
Still promising a Comforter supreme, 
Reveals to the despairing mourner's view 
Through present shadows, Mercy's future 

beam — 

Which shows the gates of Heaven opened 

wide 
By angel hands, lost kindred to admit; 
By long and patient suffering sanctified, 
In presence of their Judge benign to sit. 

In holy vision I behold the last 

Of those, for whose bereavement I have 

wept— 
His spirit brightened by the glory cast 
From Him, whose image undefiled he kept 

Oh! blest reward, for meek endurance 

here 
Of life's oppressive pains and countless 

woes; 
Freely to breathe in Mercy's atmosphere. 
And find eternal and serene repose. 



That meed, lamented Brother, now is 
thine — 

Thine, too, the privilege with saints to 
sing 

The praise of that beneficence divine, 

Which thus removes from death its poig- 
nant sting. 

Friends mourn below, but friends above 

rejoice 
To see thee enter those celestial folds— 
And celebrate with one united voice 
Thy first birthday among immortal souls. 



December 28, 1854. 

THE DATE OF MY SISTER'S BIRTH 
AND OF MY BROTHER'S DEATH. 

Scarce can I realize, my Sister, dear, 
That to threescore you have approached 

so near; 
It seems to me so very short a time 
Since you were blooming in your summer- 
prime — 
And though external roses lately grew 
More pale than when they drank Life's I 

morning-dew, 
So free from furrows did your cheek re- 1 

main, 
So little tinged with Autumn's sallow stain j 
It seemed that Time, e'en while he stole 

its tint, 
Had of his passing footsteps left no print; i 
Nor did he lay his hand upon your head, I 
Its locks to interlace with silver thread, j 
Till Nature, tired of his long delay 
Thinned the dark mass, and dappled it 

with gray. 
Sadly you turned from your reflecting- 

glass, 
To watch the one through which the 

hours pass — 
Starting to find that you with ease could 

count 
Of its remaining sands, the small amount. 

Yet wherefore, my loved Sister? not in 
vain 

For you has fallen e'en a single grain— 

And oft have you by actions kind and 
just 

To golden droppings changed its heavy 
dust. 

Nor has your spirit e'er been dispossesst 

Of moral bloom— the brightest and the 
best; 

But to the world doth sweetness still im- 
part 

From Nature's finest vase— a feeling 
heart! 



A double anniversary this day, 
Now cheers my soul, now clouds its joy- 
ous ray, 
For by capricious chequering of Fate, 
It forms at once my sister's natal date. 
And in the chronicle of death appears 
Linked with a treasure lost in former 

years. 
Thus, between living and departed worth 
A soul immortal, and a child of earth, 
Thought is by turns in light and shadow 

cast— 
The smiling present and the tearful past. 

Oh! may the widow's God each year in- 
crease 

The meal of plenty, and the oil of peace! 

And grace divine from an exhaustless 
cruse 

The blessed balm of Health fore'er ef- 
fuse. 

And when existence reaches its last hour, 
May Faith, the great re-animative power, 
Within the chamber of thy spirit lurk 
More than Elijah's miracle to work — 
One by which Virtue's offspring shall en- 
joy 
Life without limit, and without alloy. 



Here is another example, in different 
vein : 

A FUNERAL CHANT. 
(From The Courier, Sept 7, 1840.) 



FOR DAVID ARARI— THE HERO OF 
DAMASCUS. 



Rest, martyr, rest! 'neath the Syrian sod, 

Whose spirit ne'er bowed but to Truth and 
thy God! 

No tyrant the freedom of Faith now con- 
trols, 

Or breaks the repose of the Sabbath of 
souls. 

Thou art gone, hoary victim, in heavenly 
trust. 

That ransom for Israel shall spring from 
thy dust. 

Rest, martyr, rest! 

Has Glory a trophy for one of thy mould? 
Her laurels, her palms, and her fillets of 

gold 
Are trinkets and tares for those heroes of 

earth, 
Whose deeds in profaner ambition have 

birth. 



Their pulses to perilous emprise are 

stirred 
By mountebank Fame with a magical 

word. 
She points to the pyramid power ascends. 
And a plume to the pinion of victory lends. 
But visions of conquest, no radiance shed 
When thou, self-devoted, in sacrifice bled. 
No balm for thy quivering fibres was 

found, 
No lenitive meed for the spiritual wound. 
Alone hast thou wrested in Life's wintry 

wane 
And fallen! untainted by perjury's stain. 
The beauty of holiness closed thy career, 
Immortality's echo repeats thy last prayer. 
Rest, martyr, rest! 

In fancy awhile, we to foreign shores 

stray, 
And look, placid stranger, upon thy pale 

clay. 
The smile on thy lip, of benignity born, 
Seems parted in death between pity and 

scorn. 
Thy bosom's deep agony left not a trace, 
Integrity's bold granite brow to deface; 
There still is that fortitude finely revealed 
That from man to thy Maker for justice 

appealed. 

Rest, martyr, rest! 

The rose of Damascus shall deepen its 

glow 
On the spot that has witnessed thy wrong 

and thy woe. 
While pilgrim-enthusiasts gather the 

flower 
That blushingly clings to thy own ruined 

bower, 
And pensively over thy sepulchre strew 
Its leaves and their purest libation of 

dew. 
Away, thoughtless bard! to the East must 

they turn 
O'er the tomb of the martyred Arari to 

mourn? 
In vain shall they seek it upon the world's 

chart, 
His monument stands in the Hebrew's sad 

heart. 

Rest, martyr, rest! 



Let us now turn to Penina Moise in 
lighter vein. A number of such poems 
have been printed. T hey are merely aver- 
age doggerel. Such are her poems "Saia 
Cotton to Rice" and "The Song of the 
Mosquito." A little better, but not much 
better, is her poem entitled 



LOVE AND LAW. 

(From The Courier, March 6, 1832.) 

A random shaft from Cupid's quiver, 
Once struck a famous barrister; 
The lady was a cold deceiver, 
Therefore his suit ne'er harassed her. 
But during a long evening session, 
When he to Hymen's bonds alluded; 
She only laughed at his confession 
And said the thought must be precluded. 
The Muses with the Graces joined, 
A lovely jury soon composed; 
To try the fellow who purloined 
Hearts that no flaw had e'er disclosed. 
Deeper in crime her soul to steep, 
(As urged by the Solicitor;) 
This modern Macbeth murdered sleep, 
When to his eyes a visitor. 
To court subpoena'd the coquette 
Was rashly guilty of misprison; 

Her judges at defiance set, 

And boldly plead without permission. 
"Try me for larcenies in Love?" 

The law of Nature learn to read; 

Woman's prerogative 'twill prove, 

And not a felon's flagrant deed. 

If actionable such offence, 

Ye Nine consulting justice strict. 

Who steal with Fiction's keys each sense 

I can of pilfering convict. 

Not for myself but sex I plead, 

Prescriptive right of breaking chains; 

Once from this privilege recede, 

And not a wreck of power remains. 

What penalty must I endure 

In this case of attachment? 

Yon plaintiff-lawyer may procure 

Of writs a whole detachment: 

This form he feigns to love so well, 

May even now incarcerate; 

I'll find new suitors in my cell, 

Fearless your verdict I await. 

Not guilty! from the Graces burst 

When the appeal was ended; 

But soon the sentence was reversed, 

Nor mercy recommended. 

At once the Muses seized their lyres, 

Untwisted all the silver strings; 

And bound the culprit with their wires, 

Who still in bondage smiles and sings. 



Here is another example: 

IMPROMPTU. 

On hearing that Gas Light was intro- 
duced into a House just as an Intellectual 
Lady had made it her abode. 



4 



"Two stars hold not their zenith in one 

sphere"— 
Thus saith old England's gifted Will 

Shakespeare. 
In our blessed land quite the reverse is 

seen; 
And in full view of our college campus 

green 
There TWO bright lights together forth 

have burst- 
So lustrous BOTH, 'tis hard to rank the 

first 
Save that the one shines brightest far by 

night, 
While from the other beams perpetual 

light. 

November 22, 1848. 



Perhaps I had better not give any fur- 
ther specimens, for fear of spoiling what 
I have already printed. The work of poets, 
like the deeds of men and women, are un- 
fortunately judged by the worst rather 
than by the best. I understand that there 
is a possibility of a Memorial Volume of 
Penina Moise's poetry being printed in the 
near future. Let the compiler beware. It 
is far better to preserve a half dosen 
poems worth preserving, than to attempt 
to collect a large volume of rhymes that 
were merely written to fill a column. Un- 
less exceeding care is exercised, and a 
delicate, discriminating judgment, the re- 
sult can only be a fresh illustration of the 
proverb: "Save me from my friends." 



[Reprinted from the Sunday News, March 2, 1908.] 



Leaves from My 

Historical Scrap Book. 



By Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., IX.D. 



Second Series.— No 6. 



On Tradition in General and a Da 
Costa Tradition In Particular. 

I am fond of unravelling historical 
puzzles. Nor do I object to any labor, be 
it ever so toilsome, that may establish a 
single fact. I have spent months in the 
investigation of a single point; for it is 
only by thoroughness in detail work— that 
bugbear of the historical scribbler— that 
the future historian will be able to write 
history, which is something other than 
fiction or historical romance. Further- 
more, I will premise, that as far as the 
subject is concerned, which many years* 
ago I determined to make my own, I am 
to-day absolute master of practically all 
of the sources now extant — (many are no 
longer extant)— which sources are at my 
command at a moment's notice. 

I should, perhaps, apologise for my 
arrogance to Mr Max Kohler, the Corre- 
sponding Secretary of the American Jew- 
ish Historical Society. He, of course, like 
so many latter-day critics, knows more 
of my subject by intuition, than I do by 
virtue of my hard work. Unfortunately 
for me, I fail to appreciate the value of 
this intuitive wisdom, even when incorpo- 
rated in the steretotyped phrases of the 
would-be critic. It doesn't "go" in other 
lines of work, nor will it pass in the 
sphere of history, save with those who 
know so little about it that "anything 
goes." In this branch, especially, so in 
finite in detail is it, a man has done 
enough — has done all he can do — when he 
has mastered with thoroughness his own 
little line of endeavor. 

One of the greatest trials of the histori- 
cal worker is tradition. Traditions arc 
frequently volunteered to the historian, 
sometimes innocently, to prove that the 
"former days were better than the lat- 



ter"— a doubtful compliment to the pres- 
ent — sometimes the motive is so palpable 
that the only remarkable thing about it 
is that any one can be deceived by it. 
Personally, as I have so often expressed 
myself, I take but little stock in tradi- 
tions. I have investigated so many of 
them and shown how they have origi- 
nated, that I have not hesitated to ad- 
vise the beginner in historical work to 
discount tradition entirely. Traditions, as 
a rule, are a delusion and a snare, and 
only in the rarest instances do they put 
one on to the track of truth. 

Of course, such advice will not appeal 
to such workers as Mr Kohler, who has 
done his full share in perpetuating the 
fictions of the early scribblers in Leescr's 
"Occident" and the "Allgemeine Zeitung 
des Judenthums" of sixty years ago. 
"Tradtions should be investigated," pomp- 
ously exclaims Mr Kohler, and then pro- 
ceeds to print excerpts with the remark: 
"The primary sources are unknown to 
the writer hereof." This is certainly a 
simple method of investigating. Mr 
K. probably finds that " 'tis easier to 
tell twenty what 'twere good to be done 
than to be one of the twenty to follow 
mine own teaching." But such were ever 
the critics. 

To impress my lesson again, I am print- 
ing to-day some traditional data of the 
Da Costa family, which settled in Charles- 
ton, as we know, in 1750. Perhaps Mr 
Kohler can use them in his collection. 
They have been in my possession for the 
past five years and I have had them un- 
der investigation ever since; but not a 
ray of light has come my way to show 
even the grain of truth that these tradi- 
tional data may contain. However, as 
Mr Kohler thinks that "traditions should 
not be lightly cast aside, but investi- 
gated," and I have failed, I will print the 
data and leave the investigation to him.. 
He may succeed better than I— but I doubt 
it. Here, then, is the story, as communi- 
cated to me by a Christian lady, who 



• * * Soon after his coming to New Or- 
leans, an intensely Catholic community, 
we find him intimately associated with 
Catholics, rather than with those of his 
own race. His marriage to a devout Cath- 
olic, too, would in itself indicate apathy, 
at least, toward his faith. And we have 
direct evidence to show how very lax 
were the few Jews in New Orleans at the 
time." Quoting Mr Kohler, he adds: "A 
writer in the Allgemeine Zeitung des 
Judenthums reports that, though there 
were about seven hundred Jewish familie;, 
in New Orleans, only four kept a Kosher 
table, and only two observed Saturday as 
Sabbath. The Synagogue accommodated 
only about fifty persons, and the former 
Rabbi, a Dutchman, had married a Cath- 
olic wife, who was restrained with diffi- 
culty from sending a crucifix to his grave 
with her husband on his death." This 
nonsense, misnamed "direct evidence," is 
certainly very amusing, to say the least. 
That Mr Kohler, who insists so strenu- 
ously upon traditions being investigated, 
should print such stuff without comment 
and, therefore, with apparent approval, is 
most remarkable. (Pub Am Jew Hist S03, 
No 12, pp 68-9.) It only goes to show 
how little acumen is requisite to become 
a critic. 

As a matter of fact, the Benjamins were 
not strict Jews. The mother kept her 
little shop open on the Sabbath, and that 
at a time when strict Sabbath observance 
was general in Charleston. This was told 
to me by the late Miss Sally Lopez, who I 



died here in 1902 at the age of ninety-six; 
and a Jewish lady, still living here, testi- 
fies to the same fact. This trading on the 
Sabbath on the part of Mrs Benjamin, 
was much resented by the old-time Jews 
of Charleston. Judah P. Benjamin him- 
self is reported both as having been bap- 
tised in New Orleans, and as having been 
a member of a Christian Church in Wash- 
ington. This may be idle gossip or it may 
rot. For myself, I class such reports 
with traditions in general. They should 
be absolutely discredited until confirmed. 

I have taken the trouble to go into these 
little details, to show the difficulties that 
confront the historical writer who wants 
to do his work accurately yet well. Too 
many of our writers— Jewish writers in 
particular— have a "fatal facility" for 
writing. They mistake "fine writing" for 
history. The two things are quite differ- 
ent. The prime requisites for the histori- 
cal writer are the possession of infinite 
patience in gathering facts, and a historic 
sense to sift the facts when gathered. The 
man who writes objectively, letting the 
records speak for themselves, is going to 
be the historian of the future, and the 
"fine writer" will be consigned to where 
he belongs. Mr Butler's story is largely 
objective. 

I cordially commend Butler's "Benja- 
min" to the reading public. No one can 
read the volume without being the better 
for it. I doubt if a more charming pic- 
ture exists, than that given by Mr Butler 
of Judah P. Benjamin— the man. 



[Reprinted from the Sunday News, March 8, 1908.] 



Leaves from My 

Historical Scrap Book. 

By Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 



Second Series.— No 7. 



My article to-day consists of an index 
to The Courier from January, 1900, to De- 
cember, 1907. This completes my index 
as far as The Courier is concerned. Taken 
together, these indices represent a colla- 
tion of the 105 years of the life of this 
paper. It will be an easy matter to keep 
this index up to date. 

Local History. 
The Edgefield Bacons, May 21, 1905. 
"Old Biggin" Church, [St John's, Berke- 
ley,] June 11, 1905. 

The Calhoun Home, March 26, April 30, 
July 2, 1905. 

Camden's Historical Treasures, Jan 12, 
1905. 

Changed Family Names— Alterations in 
Spelling in Carolina Families, Dee 4, 1901. 
Old Carolina Parishes, May 1, 1905. 
The Seal of South Carolina, June 30, 1303. 
Charleston Fifty Years Ago, March 23, 
1902. 
Architecture in Charleston, Oct 17, 19.12. 
A Story of Charleston— Fragmentary 
Sketches of Historic Places, May 5, 19, 
1900. 
Old China in Charleston, April 2, 1905 
Charles Town's Early Days, March 12, 
1905. 

Notable Old Homes in Charleston, March 
19, 1905. 

Circuit Preaching in Old Charleston 
Jan 7, 1906. 
Charleston Before the War, Dec 23, 1900. 
Two Churches of Renown, (St Philip's 
and St Michael's,) Oct 25, 1903. 

A Sketch of the Charleston Fire De- 
partment, June 17, 1900. 
Historic Spots near Clemson, Aug 7, 1905. 
Oil Paintings at Clemson, July 15, 1905. 
Cordesyille, Sept 1, 1901. 
The Darlington Bar From Colonial 
Times, Jan 16, 1905. 

Dead of the Long Ago, (An Island in 
the Ashley River,) April 19, 1903. 
Duncan's Creek Church, Nov 12. 1905. 
The Old Brick Church in Fairfield Coun- 
ty, April 19, 1903. 



Georgetown Centennial, Dec 19, 20, 1905. 
Andrew Jackson's Dwelling, July 24, 
1904. 

Where Lafayette Spent his First Night, 
Jan 1. 1905. 

Old Pendleton, Jan 28; Feb 4, 1906. 

An Interesting Old Graveyard, (near 
Pendleton, S. C.,) July 26, 1903. 

Pioneer Printers of the Piedmont, Oct 
29, 1905 , 

Where Andrew Pickens was a Ruling 
Elder— Sketch of Bethel Presbyterian 
Church in Oconee County, Sept 17, 1905. 

St James, Goose Creek, May 19, 1900; 
April 23, 29, 1906. 

St John's Hunting Club— History of, May 
20, 1900. 

The Cathedral of St John, the Baptist. 
Dedication of, April 14, 15, 1907. 

St Joseph's Church, Silver Jubilee of, 
Aug 16, 1904. , 

Rice Culture in this State, Dec 9, 1900. 

The Santee Canal, Oct 31, 1902- Feb 15, 
1903. 

The Shaw Memorial School— History of, 
April 27, 1905. 

The South Carolina Society Centennial. 
July 31, 1904. 

The Grave of Timrod, Oct 5, 1901 

Logan's Upper Carolina, Nov 24, 1901. 

The Verners in Carolina, May 16. 1905. 

Walhalla's Semi-Centennial, Aug 24, 1900. 



Literary Artlcles.- 

How Books are Made, (Lewisohn,) Dec 
24, 1905. 

The Books we have Made — A History of 
Literature in South Carolina, (Lewisohn,* 
12 Articles, July 5— Sept 20, 1903. 

Charleston's Opportunity, (Elzas,) Jan 
19, 1905. 

Our American Citizenship, (Hey ward,) 
June 21, 1903. 

Covenants of Citizenship, (Marshall.) 
Dec 1, 1907. ' 

Christendom's Cathedral, (Duffy,) .Dec 
3, 1905. 



Diversions and Consolations of the 
Scholar, (Sass,) April 5, 1903. 

Education and Modern Life, (Tate,) Mar 
18, 1906. 

Dr Elzas in Wisconsin, Mar 27, 1904. 

The Jews of South Carolina, (Tilden,) 
Nov 19, 1905. 

A Study of Sidney Lanier, Mar 29, 1903. 

The Lawyer's Day of Opportunity, .Ian 
18, 1907. 

William Ellery Leonard, (Lewisohn,) Aug 
4, 1907. 

Some Library Treasures, (Elzas,) Aug 
30, 1903. 

Arnold's Story of the Lincoln Conspir- 
acy, Dec 7-19, 1902. 

The Century in Literature, (Scherer.) 
April 20, 1904. 

The Ideal in Literature and Art. (Duffy,) 
Jan 27. 1907. 

Style in Literature, (Harris,) April 3. 
1904. 

A Plea for Patriotism, (Woods,) Jan 18. 
1903. 

Life and Times of James L. Petigru -2z 
Articles, Jan 21— June 17, 1900. 

American Poetry, (Lewisohn,) July 24, 
1904. 

Aspects of Modern Poetry, (Lewisohn,) 
Feb 11, 1906. 

German-American Poets, (Lewisohn,) 
Jan 31, 1904. 

Southern Poetry, (Lewisohn,) Jan 3, 1904. 

A Birthday Poem, by Timrod, Sept 27, 
1903 

Address on Presenting Eight Portraits. 
(Barnwell,) Feb 23, 1907. 

Rice Cutlure in South Carolina, April 20. 
1904. 

Ruskin's Beautiful Life, (Bacon,) Jar 
14, 1906. 

Father Ryan, the Poet-Priest, (Duffy,) 
Nov 3, 1907. 

The Elizabethan Stage, (McGillivray,) 
May 1, 1904. 

Defence of the Sonnet, (Timrod.) Aug 
28, 1904. 

Soutli Carolina— its Past, its Present ana 
its Possibilities, (Hazard,) June 29, 1907. 

Jewish Immigration for Soutii Carolina, 
(Kohn,) April 21, 1907. 

South Carolina Numismatics, (Snowden,) 
Dec 23, 1906. 

The Press of South Carolina in the Revo- 
lution of 1876, (Williams,) June 16, 1907. 

Gems of Mediaeval Verse, (Sass,) Aug 
28, 1904. 

The Romance of the Borrowed Word. 
(McGillivray,) May 12, 1906. 

Shylock's Character as a Jew Sees it. 
(Rittenberg,) Jan 9, 1907. 

Zangwill's Play, "The Children of the 
Ghetto," (Elzas,) April 15, 1900. 



Historical Material. 

Abstracts from the Records of the Court 
of Ordinary of the Province of S. C, 1679- 
1776—58 Articles in The Sunday News, by 
A. S. Salley, Jr, Oct 18, 1903— Nov 20, 1904. 

The Death and Burial of John C. Cal- 
houn, April 15, 1906. 

Germans in South Carolina, July 20, 1906. 

The German Fusiliers — their History in 
Peace and War, May 20, 1900. 

The German-American Citizen, (Hexa- 
mer,) Sept 27, 1907. 

The Irish in this State, Oct 9, 1902. 

Irishmen in South Carolina, Mar 24, 1901. 

The Birthplace of Andrew Jackson, (Sal- 
ley,) July 31; Aug 7, 1904. 

Andrew Johnson's Love, Mar 25, 1905. 

Leaves from my Historical Scrap Book, 
(.Elzas,) 10 articles, The Sunday News, Feb 
10— April 14, 1907. 

Mis Lee's School History, Nov 29; Dec 
6, 1903. 

Legare and State Rights, (Salley,) July 

27, 1902. 

The Mother of Lincoln, Aug 19, 1900. 

The Mecklenburg Declaration, (Salley,) 
April 22, 1906. 

The Mecklenburg Myth, (Salley.) July 8, 
1906. 

Mexican Veterans, Nov 1, 1905. 

History in the Miniatures, (Art Club Ex- 
hibition,) April 1, 1900. 

The Genesis of the Charleston Museum. 
(Mazyck,) Sept 29, 1907. 

Nullification Times, (Life of D. G. Stin- 
son,) June 4, 1905. 

Early American Painters, April 9, 1305. 

Two Historic Portraits, (Faust and War- 
ren,) Sept 10, 1905. 

Francis Salvador, Jan 21, 1900. 

Sumter Monument Unveiling Address, 
(Smith,) Aug 15, 1907. 

Washington's Visit to Charleston, Jan 

28, 1900. 

W. L. I. Centennial Celebration, Feb 23, 
1907. 

Weems, the Romancer, Sept 29, 1901. 

The Welsh of the Pee-Dee, Dec 14, 1909. 

What's in a Name? A Historical Re- 
view of S. C. Nomenclature, Feb 16, 1902. 



Biographical Material. 

Richard Herron Anderson, June 12, 1905. 
Lewis Malone Ayer, May 27, 1906. 
Dr Herman Baer, Jan 3, 1901. 

A Tribute, Mar 3, 1901. 

An Autobiography, Jan 13, 1901. 

Col Beaufort W. Ball, April 1, 1902. 
Gen F. M. Bamberg, May 1, 1905. 
Judah P. Benjamin, Jan 1, 1901. 
Margaret Lockhart Bruce, Feo 4, 1900. 
John C. Calhoun, Mar 24. 1907. 
Calhoun, the Peerless, Mar iJ 1903. 



Calhoun's Correspondence, Nov 9, 1902. 

Calhoun's Personality, June 13, 1904. 

Right Rev William Capers, June 28, 1905. 

Bishop Capers's Tablet Unveiling, Aug 
26, 1907. 

Col Edgar Wells Charles, Feb 4, 1906. 

John S. Cogdell, July 14, 1901. 

Dr Thomas Cooper, July 1, 190(5. 

F. W. Dawson, July 7, 1901. 

Major David R. Duncan, Jan 30, 1902. 

Major William L. Dunlop, June 8, 1902. 

Col A. Q. Dunovant, April 1, 1906. 

Walter Florian, Jan 8, 1905. 

Gen John B. Gordon, Jan 15, 1904. 

Gourdins, of Charleston, July 24, 31; Aug 
7, 14, 21, 1904. 

Rev Henry D. Green, May 6, 1906 

Gen Wade Hampton, April 12, 1902. 

Address on, (Bryan,) April 22, 1902. 

The Peerless Hampton, Aug 9, 1302. 

M. C. Butler's Tribute to, Jan 25, 1903. 

Paul Hayne, Man and Poet, Feb 15, 1903. 

, the King Poet of the South, Jan 

4, 1903. 

Col William Alston Hayne, April 10, 1301. 

Judge Thomas Hey ward, July 23, 1905. 

Bishop W. B. W. Howe, Feb 5, 1904. 

Henry Hudson, April 1, 1906. 

James Wilson Hudson, March 11, 1900. 

Col Isaac F. Hun.t April 14, 1900. 

Gen Micah Jenkins, Sept 27, 1903. 

Dr John Johnson, April 8, 1907. 

,Rev A. Kaufman, June 11, 1906. 

John Leland Kennedy, Aug 6, 1905. 

Hugh S. Legare, June 17, 1904. 

Lowndes, of South Carolina, Jan 23, 1902. 

Edward McCrady, Nov 2, 3; Dec 19, 1903; 
Jan 31; April 17, 1904. 

John McKee, April 22, 1906. 

Carlyle McKinley, Aug 29; Nov 6, 1904. 

Gen Marion, Dec 24, 1905. 

Rev Jonathan Maxcy, Jan 8, 1905. 

John Mayrant, April 5, 1903. 

Dr Thomas Wade Moore, April 8, 1306. 

James L. Orr, Feb 28, 1902. 

Dr F. L. Parker, Sept 9, 1906. 

Petigru as a Prophet, April 23, 1901. 

Porcher and Miles, Aug 16, 1903. 

Dr A. Toomer Porter, Mar 31, 1902; Aug 
20, 1905. 

William James Rivers, Nov 30, 1 r i06. 

W. Gilmore Simms, Aug 26, 199$. 

Charles H. Simonton, April 26; May 15, 
1904. 

Gen George H. Thomas, Oct 4, 1903. 

Governor Hugh S. Thompson, Nov 21, 
1904. 

Rev John Morgan Timmons, April 15. 
1906. 

Memories of Timrod, Nov 15, 1906. 

A Reminiscence of Timrod, Dec 20, 1933. 

Timrod, Hayne and Simms, Mar 2, 1902. 

Col William L. Trenholm, Jan 12; June 
23, 1901. 



Gen Starling Tucker, Jan 5, 1902. 
Robert James Turnbull, May 6, 1906. 
Edward Weyman, Dec 16, 1906. 
Rev John G. Williams, May 20, 1906. 
Col Isaac L. Wilson, April 22, 1906.. 
John Taylor Wood, July 22, 1904. 
Rev James Woodrow, Jan 18, 1907. 
Richard Woods, April 8, 1906. 
Dr Henry Woodward— the first English 
Settler in S. C, Feb 22, 1903. 
William Lowndes Yancey, Oct 1, 1905. 
Leroy F. Youmans, Dec 4, 1906. 



Revolutionary Material. 

Battle Grounds Visited, Jan 18, 1905. 

Capt Mackay's Colonials— South Caro- 
linians who Fought under Washington, 
June 17, 1900. 

Emily Geiger's Famous Ride, Oct 14, 1900. 

Gen Greene, Sept 22, 1901. 

Rebecca Motte, Patriot and Heroine, 
May 10. 1903. 

Putnam's Alleged Ride — How History is 
being Manufactured in Connecticut, June 
7, 1903. 

Roll of the 2d Continental Regiment, 
April 15, 190L 

The Spirit of Seventy Six, Dec 15, 1905. 

Sons of the Revolution Address, Feb 26, 
1905. 



Confederate Material. 

The March to Appomattox, April 21, 1901. 
Last Flag at Appomattox, June 5, 1901. 
A Battle Flag's Story, Oct 2, 1905. 
"The Bonnie Blue Flag," Oct 16, 1904. 
Battles: 

Bean Station, Sept 23, 1900. 
The Bloody Angle, May 29; June 19, 1904. 
Brandy Station, July 22, 1900. 
The Crater, April 15, 1907. 
Drury's Bluff, July 25, 1904. 
Dunlop's Desperate Charge, Jan 17, 1904. 
Fredericksburg, Dec 16, 1900. 
Garden's Battery Heroes, July 6, 1902. 
Gettysburg, Sept 2, 1900. 
The Field of Gettysburg, Oct 7, 1900. 
Tarheels at Gettysburg, Aug 14, 1904. 
Grimball's, Nov 30, 1902. 
Seven Days' Battles Around Richmond, 
Dec 31, 1905. 
Shiloh, Oct 2, 1904. 
Trevillian's, Dec 23, 1900; Nov 8, 1903. 



The Confederate Ram Arkansas, Nov 12, 
1905. 

Confederate Books, Aug 9, 1903. 

Confederate Choctaws, Feb 23, 1900. 

Confederate Diplomacy, July 17, 1904. 

Confederate Finances, Sept 1, 1901. 

Confederate Flags, Dec 17, 1902. 

S. C. Generals in the Confederacy, May 
23, 1907. 



4 



Two Confederate Heroes, Sept 27, 1903. 

Irish Confederates, Oct 19, 1902. 

List of MSS Collected, Jan 4. 1903. 

Money of the Confederacy, April 12, 1903. 

The Confederate Navy, June 2, 1907. 

The Confederate Naval Academy. July 
15, 1900. 

The Seal of the Confederacy, Feb 11, 
1902; June 13, 1904. 

The Confederate Seals, Mar 13, 1902. 

Confederate Stamps., Feb 17, 1907. 

C. S. State Department, Oct 20, 1901. 

The Confederate Uniform and Flag, Mar 
12, 1905. 

The Burning of Columbia, Feb 39, 1905. 

Crusaders of the Sixties, May 9, 1905. 

Story of "The David," July 9, 16, 1905. 

Fighting Fire under Fire, July 13, 1902. 

Florence Prison Stockade, Mar 30, 1902. 

How Hampton Won, Mar 31, 1901. 

How the Red Shirts Rode with Hamp- 
ton, Nov 21, 1906. 

Hampton Statue Unveiled, Nov 21, 1906. 

Jackson at Chancellorsville, April 2t, 
1904. 

Stonewall Jackson's Death, June 19, 1904 

Jackson's Home Life, April 0. 19D7. 

Lee and the South, Jan 21, 1900. 

Lee and his Legions, Jan 31, 1907. 

Addresses on, Jan 20, 1907. 

Birthday Tribute, Jan 20, 1907. 

In Memory of, Jan 20, 1903 

Genius of, Jan 25, 1903. 

Private Life of, Oct 4, 1304. 

Lincoln and Davis, Mar 10, 1907. 
Memorial Day Addresses, May 11, 1905; 

May 29, 1907. 

North Carolina 1861-1865, April 6, 1902. 

Orangeburg Soldiers in the War, May 
21, 1905. 

The Pickens Rifles, July 4, 1904. 

Reminiscences of Richmond, July 4, 1907. 

Potter's Raid in Sumter, Jan 12, 1902. 

Secession in the U. S., June 4, 1905. 

The Cradle of, Dec 6, 1903. 

Ethics of, Jan 4, 1903. 

Sherman in S. C, Aug 23, 1903. 

Sherman's March to the Sea, May J4; 
June 11, 1905. 

The South Vindicated, Nov 24, 1901. 

Regular Army Officers who fought for 
the South, May 29, 1904. 

Battle Flags of the South, June 23, 1907. 

Tribute to Southern Valor, Sept 2, 1906. 

Jeb Stuart and his Scouts, May 5, 1907. 

The Truth of History, May 9, 1901. 

The Last Council of War, Sept 6, 1903. 

Charleston Firemen in the War, Oct 10 
1907. 

"Women In the War" Edition of The 
News and Courier, Jan 17, 1905. 

The Right and Wrong in the Civil War 
Deo 27. 1%3. 

Gen Wheeler's Cavalry, July 1, 1903. 



Miscellaneous. 

Banking in South Carolina, May 19, 1900. 
B'nai B'rith Address, (Cohen.) April 15, 
1907. 

Old China Lore, May 7, 28, 1903. 

True Citizenship, Oct 30, 1904. 

The City Beautiful, April 30, 1900. 

The City Healthful, Nov 22, 190.1. 

The Cotton Mills in South Carolina, 
(Kohn,) 32 Articles. Oct 28— Dec 4, 1907. 

[The most thorough study of the sub- 
ject, at first hand, that has ever been 
made. An irrefutable answer to the pro- 
fessional agitator.] 

Duelling and Duels in the Old South, 
June 24, 1906. 

Edgefield Hymns and Spiritual Songs, 
(Bacon,) May 13, 1906. 

The Gonzales Monument, Dec 13, 1905. 

Barton Grey— an Appreciation, April 2, 
27, 1905. 

The Heart's Quest— Review, Oct 23, 1904. 

American Jewesses of Note, Dec 8, 1905. 

Jews not Aliens in Russia, April 3, 1904. 

Leaders in South Carolina, (Club Wo- 
men,) Jan 17; April 3, 1904. 

Lynch Law, Dec 14, 1902; Jan 11, 1903. 

Our Lynching Habit, Feb 8, 1903. 

Mason-Dixon Line, Nov 4, 1900. 

The Negro Problem, Mar 22. April 10, 
June 14, 1903. 

The Negro of Slave Days, July 19, 1903. 

Negro Slavery and the White Man's 
Genius, Jan 27; Feb 5, 19, 1905. 

Present Phases of Our So-called Negro 
Problem, (Chamberlain,) Aug 1, 1904. 

What Reconstruction Was, Sept 9, 190t. 

Reminiscences of the Sixties. May 12, 
1901. 

Col Wm Rhett Vindicated, Jan 21, 1902 

Roosevelt Comes to Charleston, April 9, 
1902. 

A Defence of Slavery, March 1, 1903. 

New Hampshire and Slavery, May 14. 
1905. 

The Old South Vindicated, June 16, 1904 

"The Southern Rose"— a Charleston 
Magazine, July 21, 1901. 

About Southern Writers, April 10. 1907. 

Southern Women in Literature, July 14, 
1905. 

South Carolina in the Navy, April 12, 
1903. 

South Carolina College Alumni, Dec 19, 
1901. 

South Carolina College Centennial, Jan 
9-12, 1905. 

Some Ante-Bellum Students of South 
Carolina College. Dec 19, 1901. 

Robert Louis Stevenson as a Moralist. 
June 18. 1905. 



Leaves from My 

Historical Scrap Book. 



By Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 



Second Series. No 8. 



List of Persons Banished from 
Charles Town by the British in 
1781. 

(From th Diary of Josiah Smith, Jr.) 
The following interesting list of Heads 
of Families, etc, banished from Charles 
Town in 1781, is copied from the Diary of 
Josiah Smith, Jr, one of the exiles from 
Charles Town to St Augustine during the 
British Occupation, 17S0-1781. A copy of 
this unpublished MSS is to be found in 
the Collections of the South Carolina His- 
torical Society: 

"December 31®t, 1781. The Cruel Edict 
of Lieut Col Balfour, Commandant of 
Charlestown, for Banishing from thence 
the Wives, Children & others dependant 
on those Virtuous Citizens, that wou'd 
not Sully their honour & Conscience by 
taking protection, (as too many of their 
Countrymen thro' fear, or Self Interest, 
have meanly submitted to) but rather 
risque every inconvenience, than to be 
assisting towards the enslaving . of their 
Country, having occasioned the arrival of 
a large number of both Men, Women 6c 
Servants, with such of their moveable 
effects as they coud with convenience or 
by permission, bring with them to this 
City, [Philadelphia,] as an Assylumn Or 
place of security, during their Exile from 
Carolina, I have hereunder inserted their 
Names with the Number of their respect- 
ive familys & Servants. 

Arthur, George.. 1 man. 

Atmar, Ralph.. 1 man, 1 woman, 2 chil- 
dren. 

Axson, William.. 1 man, 1 woman, 2 chil- 
dren. 



Anthony, John..l man, 1 woman. 
Allen, Judith.. 1 woman, 3 children. 
Anderson, Richard.. 1 man. 
Anderson, Rebecka..l woman. 
Baker, Mary..l woman. 
Beale, Unice..l woman, 1 child. 
Brewton, Mary..l woman. 
Butler, Peirce..l man, 1 woman, 6 chil- 
dren. 
Baldwin, Samuel.. 1 man. 
Blake, Edward.. 1 man, 1 woman, 4 chil- 
dren. 

Budd, John, Dr..l man, 1 woman, 2 chil- 
dren. 

Bocquet, Peter, Jr..l man, 1 woman, 2 
children. 
Bremar, Francis. .1 man. 
Berwick, John..l man. 
Bricken, James.. 1 man, 1 woman, 2 
children. 
Berrisford, Rich'd..l man. 
Bonnist, John..l man, 1 woman, 2 chil- 
dren, 1 servant. 
Bee, Joseph.. 1 man. 

Ball, Joseph.. 1 man, 1 woman, 7 chil- 
dren. 

Bourdeaux, Daniel.. 1 man, 1 woman, 1 
child, 2 servants. 
Bourdeax, Nath'L.l man. 
Blake, John..l man, 1 woman, 1 child. 
Burke, Adinus..l man. 
Campble, Elizabeth.. 1 woman. 
Cudworth, Benjamin.. 1 man, 1 woman, 2 
children. 
Conyers, Norwood.. 1 man. 
Cox, James.. 1 man. 

Crouch, Henry.. 1 man, 1 woman, 1 child, 
9 servants. 
Costeng, John..l man. 
Cochran, Robert.. 1 man, 1 woman, 3 
children, 10 servants. 

Cochran, Thomas.. 1 man, 1 woman, 4 
children. 
Cripps, William.. 1 man. 
Cripps, Splatt John..l man, 1 woman. 
Crawley, Charles.. 1 man. 
Crawford, Bellamy.. 1 man, 1 woman. 
Dewar. Robert..! man. 



DeSaussure, Daniel.. 1 man, 1 woman, 4 
children, 3 servants. 

Darrell, Edward.. 1 man, 1 woman, 4 
children, 5 servants. 

Dubertas, Widow.. 1 woman. 

Dewus, Sarah.. 1 woman. 

Eveleigh, Thomas.. 1 man, 1 woman, 6 
children, 3 servants. 

Eldsworth, Susannah.. 1 woman, 3 chil- 
dren. 

Edwards, John..l man, 1 woman, 9 chil- 
dren, 12 servants. 

Edwards, John, Jun..l man. 

Elliott, Thomas.. 1 man, 1 woman, 1 
child. 

Elliott O. Thomas.. 1 man. 

Edmonds, James, Rev..l man. 

Ford, Benjamin.. 1 man. 

Fisher, James.. 1 man. 

Fuller, William.. 1 man. 

Ferguson, Thomas.. 1 man, 1 woman, 2 
children, 14 servants. 

Flagg, George.. 1 man. 

Garkey, Michael.. 1 man, 1 child. 

Gross, Francis, Jr..l man, 1 woman, 2 
children. 

Grimball, Thomas, Jr..l man, 1 woman. 

Graves, John..l man. 

Graves, William.. 1 man. 

Gadsden, Christopher.. 1 man, 1 woman, 
2 children, 5 servants. 

Guillaud, James.. 1 man. 

Gibbons, John..l man. 

Gibbs, Hazel Wm..l man. 

Glaze Ann..l woman, 1 child. 

Guerrard, Benjamin.. 1 man. 

Guerraud, Elizabeth.. 1 woman. 

Gillon, Mary..l woman. 

Gaze, NoeL.l man, 1 woman, 1 child. 

Gleadow, Mary.. 1 woman. 

Harvey, Henry Wm..l man. 

Hall, Abbott George.. 1 man, 1 woman, 9 
children. 

Harris, Thomas.. 1 man, 1 woman, 3 chil- 
dren. 

Hart, Oliver, Rev..l man, 1 woman, 1 
child. 

Hart, Oliver, Jun'r..l man, 1 woman. 

Hutson, Richard.. 1 man. 

Hall, Thomas, Jun'r..l man. 

Holmes, William.. 1 man. 

Hamilton, David.. 1 man, 1 woman, 4 
children. 

Hughs, Thomas.. 1 man, 1 woman, 4 chil. 
dren. 

Holmes, Isaac. 1 man, 1 woman, 3 chil- 
dren. 

Hey ward, Thomas.. 1 man, 1 woman, 1 
child. 

Hey ward, James.. 1 man. 

Holsoys, Turpin..l man, 1 woman. 

Hall, William.. 1 man. 

Johnson, William.. 1 man, 1 woman, 5 
children. 



Kean, John— 1 man. 

Kennan, Henry.. 1 man. 

Legare, Benjamin.. 1 man. 

Lee, Stephen.. 1 man. 

Lesesne, John..l man. 

Logan, William.. 1 man, 1 woman. 

Lee, William.. 1 man, 1 woman. 

Lybert, Henry.. 1 man, 1 woman, 3 chil- 
dren. 

Lebby, Nathaniel.. 1 man, 1 woman, 4 
children. 

Loveday, John..l man. 

Livingston, William.. 1 man. 

Lewis, John, Rev..l man. 

Legare, Thomas.. 1 man, 1 woman, 4 
children, 4 servants. 

Lushington, Richard.. 1 man, 1 woman. 

Lochman, John, Dr..l man, 3 children. 

Malby, Elizabeth.. 1 woman. 

McBride, James.. 1 man. 

Mey, Florian, Charles. .1 man. 

Mercer, Richard.. 1 man, 1 woman, 3 
children. 

Mayret, Abraham.. 1 man. 

Massey, William.. 1 man, 1 woman, 2 
children. 

Miller, Samuel.. 1 man, 1 woman. 

McDonald, Charles.. 1 man, 1 woman, 2 
children. 

Monk, George.. 1 man, 1 child. 

Minot, John, Jun'r..l man. 

McLean, Jane..l woman, 1 child. 

Michael, John..l man, 1 woman. 

Moultrie, Alexander.. 1 man, 1 woman, 1 
child. 

Mouat, John..l man. 

Moore, Thankful.. 1 woman, 3 children. 

Moultrie, William, Capt..l man, 1 wo- 
man. 

Main, Rachel.. 1 woman. 

McCall, Hext..l man. 

McCrady, Edward.. 1 man, 1 woman, 1 
child. 

Moultrie, Wm, Gen..l man, 1 woman, 1 
child. 

Neufville, William.. 1 man. 

Neufville, John..l man, 1 woman, 1 
child. 

Neufville, John, Jun'r..l man. 

Noles, Mary..l woman. 

North, Edward.. 1 man, 1 woman, 2 chil- 
dren. 

Nones, Benjamin..l man. 

Owen, Elizabeth.. 1 woman. 

Owen, John..l man. 

Pinckney, Cotes'h Charles.. 1 man, 1 wo- 
man, 2 children. 

Pinckney, Thomas.. 1 man, 1 woman, 1 
child. 

Pcyas, Ernest John..l man, 1 woman, 2 
children. 

Prioleau. Samuel, Jun'r..l man, 1 wo- 
man. 7 children. 

Pete's, Christopher..! man. 



Portell, Benjamin.. 1 man. 

Parker, Joseph.. 1 man. 

Palmer, Job..l man, 1 woman, 3 chil- 
dren. 

Prioleau, Philip.. 1 man. 

Pillans, Robert.. 1 man. 

Parker, William.. 1 man, 1 woman, 8 
children. 

Pickering, William.. 1 man. 

Pinckney, Charles, Jr..l man. 

Righton, Joseph.. 1 man. 

Rooks, William.. 1 man, 1 woman. 

Read, Jacob.. 1 man. 

Robinson, John..l man. 

Rutledge, Thomas. .1 man, 1 woman. 

Rutledge, Hugh..l man. 

Rutledge, Ed ward.. 1 man, 1 woman, 1 
child. 

Ramsay, David, Dr..l man. 

Robinson, Joseph.. 1 man. 

Shrewsberry, Stephen.. 1 man, 1 woman, 
6 children. 

Singleton, Thomas.. 1 man. 

Stone, Charles.. 1 man. 

Stiles, Edward.. 1 man, 3 children. 

Stone, William— Pilot.. 1 man, 1 woman, 
1 child. 

Starnes, Daniel, Jun'r..l man. 

Smith, Thomas— Pilot.. 1 man, 1 woman, 
3 children. 

Sansum, John..l man, 1 woman, 5 chil- 
dren. 

Stafford, Arthur.. 1 man, 1 woman. 

Stevens, Daniel.. 1 man. 

Smith, Josiah, Rev..l man. 

Smith, Josiah, Jun'r. .1 man, 1 woman, 5 
children, 4 servants. 

Sarrazin, Jonathan.. 1 man. 

Stinson, James.. 1 man. 

Snyder, PauL.l man, 1 woman, 2 chil- 
dren. 

Smith, Robert, Rev..l man, 1 child. 

Smith, Samuel.. 1 man. 

Springer, Margarett..l woman, 2 chil- 
dren. 

Threaderaft, Bethel.. 1 man. 

Todd, John..l man, 1 woman, 2 chil- 
dren. 

Tousinger, James.. 1 man, 2 women, 1 
child. 

Tufts, Simon.. 1 man. 

Toomer, Anthony.. 1 man, 1 woman, 5 
children. 

Thomson, H. James.. 1 man, 2 women, 
1 child. 

Taylor, PauL.l man, 1 woman, 1 child. 

Turpin, Joseph, Jun'r.. 1 man. 

Timothy, Peter.. 1 man, 3 women, 8 chil- 
dren. 

Thomas, Andrew.. 1 man. 

Tobias, Elizabeth.. i woman. 

"Welch, George.. 1 man. 1 woman, 1 child. 

Wilkie, William.. 1 man. 

Waller, Benjamin.. 1 man. 



Warham, David.. 1 man, 1 woman. 

Wilkinson, Morton.. 1 man. 

Way, Robert.. 1 man, 1 woman. 

Welch, John..l man, 1 woman, 5 chil- 
dren. 

Wilkins, James.. 1 man, 1 woman, 5 chil- 
dren. 

Wheeler, Benjamin.. 1 man. 

Wakefield, James. .1 man, 1 woman, 7 
children. 

Weyman, Edward.. 1 man, 1 woman, 2 
children. 

Waring, Richard.. 1 man. 

Waring, Thomas.. 1 man. 

White Isaac. 1 man. 

Will Philip. .1 man, 1 woman, 6 chil- 
dren. 

Yeadon, Richard.. 1 man, 1 woman, 4 
children. 

Cattell, Benjamin.. 1 man, 1 woman, 4 
children. 

Melvin, Martha. .1 man, 1 woman, 4 
children. 

Henry, Jacob.. 1 man. 

Jones, W. Noble, Dr..l man, 1 woman, 4 
children. 

Savage, Thomas.. 1 man, 1 woman, 5 
children. 

Oliphant, David, Dr— 1 man, 1 woman. 

Brown, Dennis.. 1 man, 1 woman. 

Dunlap, Joseph— 1 man. 

Gadsden, Thomas, Capt..l man, 1 wo- 
man, 1 child. 

Dickenson, Sarah.. 1 woman, 3 children. 

Sheed, Eleanor.. 1 woman. 

Kirk, John..l man. 

Cooke, Thomas.. 1 man. 

Dacosta, Isaac, Sen'r..l man, 1 woman, 
2 children. 

The sum total of persons banished and 
enumerated in this list, is as follows: 186 
men, 120 women, 264 children and 71 ser- 
vants. 

Besides the persons mentioned in this 
list, a number of men, both officers in the 
Continental line and militia men of South 
Carolina, were landed from Cartel vessels 
at Jamestown, in "Virginia, who, being 
mostly unmarried, immediately proceeded 
overland to join their countrymen to as- 
sist in the attempt of a recovery of their 
oppressed country, already in a good 
measure secured by the unremitted ardour 
of the American army under the com- 
mand of Gens Greene and Wayne, etc, 
and who were also followed in the months 
of September, October and November, by 
not a few of the men of said list for the 
same laudable purpose. 

The distressed situation of the families 
that were ordered to leave Charlestown 
by the first of August, and daily expect- 
ed to arrive in Philadelphia, occasioned 



* 



an early motion to be made in Congress 

for their relief 

Note: A subscription for a loan of $3C,- 
000 was started, also contributions invited 
for the relief of the sufferers. Among the 
subscribers were the following Jews: 
Moses Levy, Jonas Phillips and Haym 
Solomon. 

Major Nones. 

(From the South Carolina Gazette and 
General Advertiser, July S. 1783.) 
The following notice of an early street 
fight on Broad street, is both amusing and 
interesting. The hero, Major Benjamin 
Nones, afterwards a resident of Philadel- 
phia, was a brave militiaman, who fought 
under Pulaski, and to whose bravery Capt 
Verdier testified in a splendid letter of 
commendation, which is still in existence. 
Major Nones was a real fighter, who 5s 
said "to have fought in almost every 
action which took place in Carolina." His 
captain says of him: "His behavior under 
fire in all the bloody actions we fought 
has been marked by the bravery and cour- 
age which a military man is expected to 
show for the liberties of his country, and 
which acts of said Nones gained in his 
favor the esteem of Gen Pulaski, as well 



as that of all the officers who witnessed 
his daring conduct." He was one of those 
expelled from Charles Town by the Britlsn 
in 1781. He seems to have met hi3 Water- 
loo on Broad street. 

"The public peace was yesterday greatly 
interrupted; a Mr Baron, it is said, met 
and grossly insulted Mr Nones, in Broad- 
street; among other illiberalties, he used 
the appellation of French REB13L<— Mr 
Nones resented this treatment; they 
fought, and from an unlucky blow given, 
thelife of the latter was for some time 
supposed to be in great danger, but after 
proper means used he recovered. Baron 
made his escape. Those who call them- 
selves the friends of a particular descrip- 
tion of people, are very ill-advised when 
they attempt to irritate — the present tem- 
per of the people will not bear it— and ox- 
citing of commotions at such a time may be 
dangerous, if not fatal. That marked ven- 
geance which appeared last night amongst 
the people, against the person wiio insulted 
Mr Nones, a native of France, will teach 
certain persons a little more civility to 
the subjects of the great and generous 
Ally of America." 



[Reprinted from the Sunday News, March 29, 1908.] 



Leaves from My 

Historical Scrap Book. 



By Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., IX.D. 



Second Series No 9. 



The following extracts from the Third 
Anniversary Discourse, delivered before 
the Reformed Society of Israelites, on 
November 21, 1827, by Isaac N. Cardozo, 
are interesting as showing the calibre of 
the laymen who conducted the affairs of 
the Society, and who in that early day 
were brave enough to break away from 
the established traditions of the Syna- 
gogue in Charleston. The First Anniver- 
sary Discourse, by Isaac Harby, is pre- 
served in the Memorial Volume of his 
"Select Writings." The Second Anniver- 
sary Discourse, by Abraham Moise, was 
printed in No 3 of the 1st Series of my 
"Scrap Book." The Third Anniversay 
Discourse, by Isaac N. Cardozo, exists in 
pamphlet form, though I have not seen 
it. The extmcts here given, are quoted 
from an appreciative notice in The Cou- 
rier of November 30, 1827. The tone of 
this Discourse is surprisingly modern. Re- 
form movements seem apparently to run 
everywhere along similar lines. It is 
worthy of note, that these three Dis- 
courses are the only ones that have come 
down to us. 

* * * "In further recommendation of 
having a portion of our Prayers pronounc- 
ed in the English language, we also con- 
tended for the propriety of following the 
example of other denominations, in hav- 
ing the principles of our Religion expound- 
ed to us from the Pulpit in short and ap- 
propriate sermons. The experience of 
others has tested the utility of such a 
course, and necessity strongly enjoins it; 
for the least knowledge of human nature 



will tell us that of the many who attend 
places of worship, some do so from fash- 
ion, and some from habit and example- 
few are influenced by pure feelings of de- 
votion or the higher duties of morality. 
We therefore say, if the deeper obligations 
of Religion are to be inculcated with ad- 
vantage to Society, it is necessary to im- 
press deeply on the mind its spiritual 
power, its gracious precepts, and all its 
holy and better influences on the present 
and future existence of mankind. 

"We accordingly find, that Ministers of 
other Denominations are in the constant 
practice of expounding the tenets of their 
Faith to their auditors. They reveal its 
holy truths— they show a moral beauty 
and fitness in all its parts, and hold forth 
in fervent and appropriate strains, its vir- 
tues and its bright and prominent char- 
acteristics. It is in this manner, also, 
that a Minister becomes of essential ser- 
vice in effecting all the higher objects of 
Society. He secures the spiritual happi- 
ness and furthers the temporal welfare of 
his flock. He reforms the vicious, directs 
the ignorant and exalts the pious. He 
cultivates and trains the moral feelings, 
and depicts the purity and loftiness of 
virtue. It is thus that the better half 
of mankind are made to understand, to 
love, to venerate their faith. Their per- 
ception of it is made strong and bright 
and enduring; they are taught its divine 
uses; they feel its divine influence, and 
thus give themselves up to the generous 
impulses of its moral energy and power. 

* * * "The path of the Reformer is one of 



more labor than profit. His only pleas- 
ure is to see the prevalence of correct 
principles; to inculcate what is of real 
virtue and utility to his fellow creatures; 
and to disseminate and establish the tri- 
umph of truth. In his character he must 
embrace many strong and peculiar points. 
He must look on impediments only as 
incentives to higher daring and greater 
firmness of purpose. There must be moral 
courage and mental power in his composi- 
tion. He must closely discriminate and 
nicely balance the different parts of the 
system he attempts to change or modify. 
In calculating the effect of his labors, he 
must look deeply into the motives of hu- 
man action; and consult the genius and 
character of the times in all his under- 
takings. He must not only fearlessly pro- 
fess, but fearlessly practice what he ad- 
vocates or adopts. His actions must be 
identified with his words, his honor and 
integrity with his principles. Consistency 
must form the prominent and leading 
feature of his character, for, devoid of it, 
his opinions will be without weight and 
his example without followers. His pro- 
gress will always be slow, and, as we have 
already said, beset with a thousand ob- 
stacles. The cause lies in the task he 
undertakes. It will always intimidate 
such as cannot appreciate the great result 
and important moral benefits of his labors. 
His feelings are considered anything but 
pure and disinterested, his objects any- 
thing but praiseworthy and lofty. But, 
guided as he must be by an inflexible 
standard of his own, he is to look with a 
calm and unde via ting feeling on the op- 
position he encounters. He must coolly 
distinguish and discriminate between the 
causes that retard and accelerate his pro- 
gress. He must be aware of the indom- 
itable power of religious prejudice, how 
wedded it is to antient forms and cus- 
toms, and antient authority and prece- 
dent. He will thus see in the opposition 
of some, the feeling of intolerance; in 
others, the results of fear and weakness; 
and find that his sole reliance for the 



final triumph of his cause, must rest on 
the dissemination of knowledge and the 
wholesome principles it imparts in the 
human mind. Guided, therefore, by these 
views, the intelligent Reformer will, in 
his progress, always have sagacity enough 
to perceive how long to follow, and when 
to attempt to lead public opinion." 



Jewish Wills, 171© 1874. 

The following list comprises all the 
Jewish Wills that are of record in the 
Office of the Judge of Probate at Charles- 
ton, S. C, from 1710, when the earliest 
Jewish Will is recorded, to the year 1874. 
The accompanying date shows when the 
Will was proved. 

Abrahams, Emanuel, Dec 3, 1802. 

Alexander, Ann Sarah, Dec 15, 1835. 

Azuby, Ester, June 17, 1805. 

Barrett, Jacob, Dec 4, 1871. 

Barrett, Rachel I., March 16, 1866. 

Barrett, Solomon I., Aug 20, 1850. 

Brandon, D., April 24, 1838. 

Buley, Jacob, Jan 27, 1809. 

Canter, Joshua, Feb 24, 1851. 

Canter, Rachael, May 28, 1852. 

Cardoza, David N., July 21, 1835. 

Cohen, Abraham, Jan 1, 1810. 

Cohen, David, July 2, 1784. 

Cohen, David D., July 9, 1860. 

Cohen, Eleanor M., May 27, 1857. 

Cohen, Isaac, Feb 9, 1787. 

Cohen, Jacob, Dec 23, 1808. 

Cohen, Jacob, June 27, 1871. 

Cohen, Jacob A., June 6, 1800. 

Cohen, Mordecai, July 11, 1848. 

Cohen, Solomon I., May 20, 1850. 

Da Costa, Rebecca Mendes, July 8, 1782 

Da Costa, Sarah, Nov 18, 1793. 

Davis, Benjamin, Sept 27, 1831. 

Davis, Hannah, June 28, 1859. 

D'Azevedo, Rachael, Feb 23, 1843. 

De La Motta, Jacob, Feb 22, 1845. 

De La Motta, Rachel, Dec 11, 1871. 

De Lange, Jonas L., Dec 20, 1852. 

De Leon, M. H, Nov 18, 1848. 

Harby, A. Tobias, April 19, I860. 

Harby, Henry I., Sept 18, 1851. 

Harris, A. I., Aug 10, 1871. 

Harris, Isaac, May 28, 1869. 

Hart, Alexander Moses, Sept 8, 1797. 

Hart, Bella, Dec 30, 1851. 

Hart, Daniel, May 31, 1811. 

Hart, Hart Moses, July 24, 1795. 

Hart, Hymon, Nov 10, 1791. 

Hait, Philip, Feb 12, 1796. 

Hart, Rachel N., Feb 8, 1869. 



Hart, Solomon. Sept 6, 1805. 

Henry, Amelia, July 2, 1S25. 

Henry, Judith I., Dec 14, 1835. 

Hertz, Hendel Moses, Oct 13, 1840. 

Hyams, Caroline, Jan 12, 185S. 

Hyams, Moses D., June 9, 1868. 

Hyams, Solomon, Aug 4, 1837. 

Isaacs, Abraham M., Nov 4, 1314. 

Isaacs, Samuel, Sept 14, 1S04. 

Isaacs, Solomon, Jan 14, 1757. 

Isack, Abraham, Recorded Feb 20, 171). 

Jacobs, Hyman, Oct 9, 1838. 

Jacobs, Jacob, Nov 20, !i97. 

Jacobs, Moses, Jan 3, 1842. 

Jones, Samuel, Jan 20, 1809. 

Joseph, Israel, June 25, 1804. 

Lazarus, Adeline, Dec 22, 1865. 

Lazarus, Emma, Oct 18, 1865. 

Lazarus, Joshua, June 4, 1861. 

Lazarus, Marks, Dec 15, 1835. 

Lazarus, Michael, Dec 1, 1862. 

Lazarus, Rachael, Nov 9, 1847. 

Lesser, Harris, (of Florida,) Oct 26, 1852. 

Levy, Elias, Feb 8, 1856. 

Levy, Jane, Jan 3, 1866. 

Levy, Lyon, March 26, 1835. 

Levy, Marks, Nov 15, 1852. 

Levy, Moses O., April 2, 1839. 

Levy, Sarah, Nov 13, 1822. 

Levy, Sarah C, Nov 13, 1837. 

Levy, Rachel M., July 1, 1872. 

Lopez, David, Jan 27, 1812. 

Loryea, Isaac, April 2, 1855. 

Lyon, Mordecai, Oct 12, 1818. 

Massias, Abraham A., June 29, 1848. 

Meyer, Emil J., Oct 27, 1857. 

Minis, Abigail, Dec 6, 1794. 

Moise, Abraham, Feb 24, 1870. 

Moise, Abram Jr, Jan 13, 1853. 

Moise, Isaac, Nov 30, 1857. 

Molina, Moses, Dec 30, 1785. 

Moses, Abraham, July 29, 1796. 

Moses, Deborah, Oct 3, 1849. 

Moses, Isaiah, Sr, Aug 24, 1818. 

Moses, Lyon, Jan 26, 1822. 

Moses, Mary, Oct 5, 1810. 

Moses, Philip. Sr, May 24, 1799. 

Moses, Reuben, June 3, 1850. 

Myers, Joseph, Oct 22, 1787. 

Myers, Sarah D., Jan 11, 1864. 

Nathan, Solomon, April 7, 1829. 

Nathans, Nathan, Jan 8, 1855. 

Olivera, Jacob, May 15, 1752. 

Oppenheim, II. "W., June 15, 1853. 

Ottolengui, Abraham, Dec 19, 1850. 

Pecare, Rose, Sept 17, 1838. 

Phillips, Bella, Aug 26, 1862. 

Pimenta, Leah, March 11, 1768. 

Pool, Isaac, Sept 21, 1813. 

Poznanski, Esther G., April 19, 1870. 

Rodrigues, B. A., Dec 5, 1871. 

Salvador, Joseph, Jan 5, 1787. 

Sasportas, Abraham, April 12, 1824. 

Seixas, David C, Oct 20, 1857. 



Simons, Montague, Sept 21, 1813. 
Simons, Sampson, July 26, 1811. 
Simons, Samuel, Feb 13 1824. 
Solomons, Hart, Dec 31, 1817. 
Solomons, Hyam, May 1, 1801. 
Solomons, Joseph, Nov 4, 1808. 
Sommers, Elkan, Feb 1, 1869. 
Tobias, Abraham, July 2, 1856. 
Tobias, Isaac, Feb 8, 1860. 
Tobias, Judith, March 22, 1816. 
Wetherhorn, Marcus, May 29, 1873. 
Woolf, Rachel, Nov 25. 1835. 

An Ethical Will. 

In my "Jews of South Carolina," (pp 38- 
39,) I have called attention to a beautiful 
ethical will of the olden time. To-day I 
am printing a part of another ethical will, 
of more recent date, that is of record in 
Charleston. 

The maker of the will, Deborah Moses, 
was the wife of Israel Moses and the 
mother of Raphael J. Moses, the patriot, 
lawyer and statesman, a portrait and 
biography of whom are to be found in 
my book, (pp 199-202.) She died at St 
Joseph, Fla, on August 29, 1848, at the age 
of 72, and is buried in the private ceme- 
tery of the late Raphael J. Moses, about 
six miles east of Columbus, Ga. The will 
was made on November 14, 1837, and 
proved on October 3, 1849. The preamble 
is somewhat unconventional: 

"Being deeply impressed with the con- 
viction that the Almighty has blessed :ne 
beyond my deserts, I feel bound in hum- 
ble gratitude to avail myself of the full 
possession of all my faculties to regulate 
and dispose of my worldly effects in a 
way that I deem most advantageous to 
those exclusively dear to my heart, and 
who claim both from nature and affection 
every effort on my part to secure my prop- 
erty which I hold and have possessed as 
a free dealer to them and for their inter- 
est and future welfare should the will of 
God so ordain, (which with humility of 
spirit I hope may be the case) that they 
should survive me. 

After making numerous bequests, she 
continues: 

"I request that no pomp or parade what- 
ever may be exhibited over my last re- 
mains — a plain coffin of the most simple 
materials, and in due time a wooden head 
and foot post, without any inscription 
whatever, are all that I require. The wis- 
dom of God has mingled us indistinctU- 



■with the earth— why then shall we take 
from the living- to arrogantly perpetuate 
an ephemeral name? To be forgotten is 
the lot of all.— I therefore require no 
mark of outward woe. Lay the earth 
quietly and with respect on me; I leave 
the rest to conscience, feeling and duty. 
Mourn not beyond the hour sanctified by 
Nature and by true grief; the tears which 
spring from the heart are the only dews 
the grave should be moistened with, the 
dead receive sufficient honor in being 
called to face their God." * * * 

How refreshing it is to read a will like 
this in these days, when vulgar display 
and senseless extravagance characterize 
the obsequies alike of rich and poor. 



Abraham Seixas. 

In my "Jews of South Carolina," (pp 
129-130,) I printed a very amusing as well 



as unique poetical advertisement of 
Abraham Seixas. He was a military 

man an officer in the Revolution, alsa 

a captain of Militia in Charleston. In one 
of his election contests he was defeated, 
as was also subsequently the case. This 
is his campaign advertisement, taken from 
The City Gazette and Daily Advertiser of 
July 11, 1794: 

"The subscriber, from a conviction of 
his votes as captain in the Western regi- 
ment having been much mutilated at the 
last election, has adopted this public 
mode of requesting his friends suifrage3 
and interest at the next. A. SEIXAS. 

The man I love, who will avow 

He is my friend or is my foe; 

But he who comes with double face, 

I do despise as being base. July 11. 

Mr Seixas came out at the bottom of 
the poll in the election, as we read in the 
issue of July 19. His poetry killed him. 



[Keprinted from the Sunday News, April 5, 1908.] 



Leaves from My 

Historical Scrap Book. 

By Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 



Second Series— No lO. 



Who was Jacob Henry ? 

In my "Scrap Book" of February 23, I 
printed the remarkable speech of Jacob 
Henry in the Legislature of North Caro- 
lina in 1809. Who was this Jacob Henry? 

Some may perhaps say, as did a friend 
of mine: "What difference does it make 
who Jacob Henry was? Homer's works 
may not have been written by Homer, and 
Shakespeare's works may not have been 
written by Shakespeare, but by another 
man of the same name — yet Homer will 
remain and Shakespeare will remain, and 
Jacob Henry's speech will remain, a 
monument to Jacob Henry." 

From one point of view, it is true, it 
matters little. But still, when one reads 
such a speech and when one remembers 
the date at which it was delivered, would 
one would not like to know something of 
the personality of the speaker? I con- 
fess that when I first read the speech some 
years ago, my interest was intensely 
aroused— aroused to such an extent, in- 
deed, that I determined, if I could, to find 
out something more about Jacob Henry 
The curiosity of the real student is some- 
what expensive, too; for it impelled me to 
sacrifice a part of my summer vacation 
and to pay a visit to Raleigh, N. C. Not 
that I found what I wanted, eirher; for, 
as I now know, I went to the wrong place. 
I do not regret my trip, however, for it 
taught me a valuable lesson which I shall 
to-day propound for the benefit of other 
historical students— the lesson, namely, 
that the simplest problems of historical 
research often present the greatest obsta- 



cles to the investigator; and further- 
more, that research, unless complete, is 
most unsatisfactory and very little better 
than useless. The result is "not light, but 
darkness visible." With this introduction, 
then, I ask again: "Who was Jacob 
Henry?" 

In the last volume of the Publications of 
the American Jewish Historical Society, 
Mr Huehner, the Curator of the Society, 
has an article on "The Struggle for Re- 
ligious Liberty in North Carolina,, with 
Special Reference to the Jews." He nat- 
urally has something to say about Jacob 
Henry and his speech. Here is what he 
says: 

"It may not be amiss here, tp give some 
account of what little we know concern- 
ing Jacob Henry. He was possibly the 
brother of Michael Gratz, of Philadelphia. 
Jacob Gratz had assumed the name of 
Jacob Henry, and a paper concerning him 
was presented before -this Society some 
years ago. During the Revolution he 
seems to have gone South, and William 
Croghan, writing to Michael Gratz from 
Charleston, in April, 1780, intimates mak- 
ing search for him. Croghan's letter ex- 
pressly states: 'I am uncertain where 
your brother is, otherwise should write.' 
[Gibbes "Documents," 1776-1782, pp 129— 
130.] It is not at all unlikely, therefore, 
that he subsequently settled in North 
Carolina, and if this surmise be correct, 
he was about sixty or sixty-five years of 
age at the time when the question of his 
right to hold office was raised." Mr 



Huehner adds in a foot-note, that a Jacob 
Henry appears among the list of prisoners 
on the Torbay in 1781, together with others 
"with decidedly Jewish names." 

I wonder why men undertake to write 
concerning matters of local history away 
from the scene, without thinking it worth 
their while to consult local workers? 
There are usually one or. two men in every 
locality who are interested in the history 
of their section; and postage stamps are 
really not so expensive. Is it that New 
York thinks, as apparently it does, that 
its few workers know it all, and that the 
New York Public Library is the Ultima 
Thule of historical reference? If so, it is 
high time that it were undeceived. 

The subject of my inquiry to-day is a 
splendid illustration in point. Here is a 
man, of considerable historical interest— 
of interest enough to suggest a paper cov- 
ering thirty-five printed pages. He lived 
at a time when newspapers were printed 
and in places where the record evidences 
have been preserved. And yer, without 
the slightest attempt at investigation, 
"what little we know" is formulated in a 
paragraph of nonsense, to be henceforth 
accepted as history. Were this printed ii: 
a newspaper article, it would not be worth 
while to discuss it at all. Appearing as it 
does, however, in the Publications of the 
American Jewish Historical Society, which 
we are being constantly informed is to be 
the great source from which American 
Jewish history is going to be written, in 
the interest of historical science, and, 
thankless though the task may be, I shall 
go into this matter in complete detail 
History that is worth the name can never 
be written until the detail work has been 
done— which is far from being the case at. 
present— and detail means research— tedi- 
ous research, the meaning of which has 
still to be learned by many historical 
scribblers, whose prolific output will prove 
a serious hindrance rather than a help to 
the historian of the future. 

Who was Jacob Henry? Says Mr Hueh- 
ner: "Possibly a brother of Michael Grat^, ' 



who had changed his name to Henry." 
William Croghan writes to Michael Gratz, 
of Philadelphia, "I am uncertain where 
your brother is, otherwise should write." 
Ergo that brother is Jacob Henry, quon- 
dam Gratz. There-you are. How easy! 
But this time it isn't as easy as it looks. 
Let us, therefore, dismiss Mr Huehner and 
his surmises, in which he is> invariably un- 
fortunate, and take a look at our card in- 
dex. If it does not quite settle the ques- 
tion, it will at least put us considerably 
on the road towards settling it. But be- 
fore dismissing him, however, let me sim- 
ply state that the history of the Grat^ 
family, given in detail both by the Jewish 
Encyclopedia and in Morais's "Jews of 
Philadelphia," fails to reveal the name of 
Jacob Gratz as a brother of Michael 
Gratz. The Hon Mayer Sulzberger, loo, 
under the date April 29, 1906, in reply to a 
query of mine, writes: "Thus much, how- 
ever, ought to be said to avoid error* 
Jacob Henry was not and did not claim 
to be a brother of Michael Grata. He was, 
however, (I think,) a first cousin. I 
thought that I had traced him South, but 
was not sure of his identity." I will only 
add that the Jacob Henry concerning 
whom Judge Sulzberger wrote his paper, 
was not the Jacob Henry, of North Caro- 
lina. Let us now to our card index. I 
shall take the careful reader into a mam 
from which it will be hard to extricate 
him. We will take the items in chrono- 
logical order. 

Jacob Henry is not an unknown name 
in American Jewish history. In the old 
Jewish cemetery at Philadelphia is burled 
a bachelor of that name. He was for a 
time a resident of New York. "Died 20th 
March, 1761, aged 32 years." 

The first member of the Henry family 
we meet with in South Carolina, is Phillip 
Henry. He was a member of the Fellow- 
ship Society in 1772. His name is inscribed 
in that year as a member of King Solo- 
mon's Lodge, No 1, of Charleston. He 
was a merchant of considerable promi- 
nence in Charleston, and did not sympa- 



thize with the Revolution. His name oc- 
curs in numerous records between the 
years 1772 and 1778, in the Mesne Convey- 
ance office here. The name of his wife was 
Sarah Maria. [Mesne Con Records, Vol 
S5, pp 333-4.] In the South Carolina & 
American General Gazette, of June IS, 
1778, he advertises that "being obliged to 
depart for Europe within the time limited 
by an Act passed in the last session of the 
General Assembly," those indebted to him 
are requested to settle. In the Gazette of 
the State of South Carolina, of July 8, 
1778, he is advertised in a list of those who 
embarked for Holland, preferring "con- 
tinuing under a slaving subjection to the 
oppressive government of declining Brit- 
ain (once Great!") He does not appear 
again in Charleston, but we find him once 
more in the lists of the First Federal Cen- 
sus of North Carolina, 1790, as one of the 
Heads of Families in Rowan County. 
[North Carolina Records, Vol 26.] In these 
lists, the names of Joel Henry, of Car- 
teret County, and Catharine Henry, of 
New Hanover County, also occur. We 
meet them later in Charleston. I would 
add that his signature bears a strong re- 
semblance to that of Jacob Henry of the 
Torbay. 

With reference to the letter from Wil- 
liam Croghan to Michael Gratz, dated 
April 8, 1780, which has been already 
noted — "I am uncertain where your 
brother is" — I would point out that a Jacob 
Henry was actually in Charles Town at 
the time. He was one of the 'divers in- 
habitants of Charles Town," who on May 
10, 1780, signed the petition urging Gen 
Lincoln to surrender. His accompanying 
signature is to be found in the Year Book, 
City of Charleston, for 1897, p. 398. the 
original of which is in the Lincoln Papers, 
in the Emmet Collection in the New York 
Public Library. This Jacob Henry— not 
the Jacob Henry, of North Carolina, how- 
ever, as I think I shall be able to show- 
was the prisoner of the Torbay. (See list 
of these prisoners in my Scrap Book, 1st 
Series, No 7.) He was likewise the Jacob 



Henry banished from Charles Town by 
the British in 1781 because he refused to 
take protection. (See list in my Scrap 
Book, 2d Series, No 8.) He went from 
Charles Town to Philadelphia. 

In the South Carolina Weekly Gazette, 
of April 19, 1783, we find the following no- 
tice: "Last Thursday arrived here, the 
flag ship Le Amazon, Capt John Floyd, 
in seven days from Philadelphia, with 
whom came ***** Mr Jacob Henry 
AND FAMILY * * *" 

In the State Gazette of South Carolina, 
of November 17, 1785, we have the follow- 
ing notice: "Monday evening arrived here 
the sloop Commerce, Capt Tinker, from 
New York * * * Mr Henry * * * and 
several other passengers." 

In the Jewish Encyclopedia, Art, "Geor- 
gia," we read: "At about the same time 
[close of the Revolutionary War] the Jew- 
ish community [of Savannah] was in- 
creased by the following additional ar- 
rivals: Lyon Henry and wife, with their 
son, Jacob Henry. * * *" 

From 1794 to 1797, Aaron Henry, a big 
merchant, was doing business in Charles- 
ton. I know nothing further about him. 
(See City Gazette, December 8, 1734, etc.) 

In 1795 and for many years thereafter, 
we find a Mrs Anne Henry, conducting a 
millinery business in Charleston. I know 
nothing further ,about her, except that 
her name occurs on the books of Beth 
Elohim. 

In 1797, we find a Jacob Henry doing 
business in Charleston. His wife's name 
was Catharine. (Mesne Con Records, Vol 
A7, p. 396.) Jacob Henry makes his mark, 
while his wife signs her name. He is 
hardly our Jacob Henry. Let us now Iook 
at our Directories; they must, however, 
be used with great caution. The refer- 
ences are to more than one Jacob Henry. 
Directories. 

In 1802 and 1803, we And Jacob Henry, 
storekeeper, 200 King St. 

In 1806, we have Jacob Henry, merchant, 
5 W. King St road; and Alexander Henry, 
merchant, 135 King St. 



In 1807, Jacob Henry, 7 W. King St road. 

In 1809, Jacob Henry, King St road. 

In 1813, there are Alexander Henry, 
Jacob Henry, and Mrs Mary Henry, mid- 
wife, at 108 King St road. 

In 1816, A. Henrey, midwife, 10S King 

In 1819, Jacob Henry, 187 Meeting St. 

In 1822, Amelia Henry, midwife, ISO Meet- 
ing. 

In 1829 and 1831, Jacob Henry, cabinet- 
maker, Charlotte St. 

Our library possesses no Directories be- 
tween 1831 and 1840. After 1831 the name 
of Jacob Henry does not occur. 

Synagogue Books. 

The Synagogue Books make mention of 
Mrs Ann Henry and Mrs Amelia Henry 
The former does not concern us. For the 
year 5568, [180S,] we have the following 
entry: "Amelia Henry, Donation, £1 10 0." 
In 5573, [1813,] we have the following: 
"May 23, Mrs Henry, for her son in North 

Carolina, his offerings from last year 

$4 50." In the same volume, we read: 
"Mrs Amelia Henry, on account — $7 50." 
We can now proceed without difficulty. 

In the Courier, of February 7, 1806, Mrs 
E. Henry, midwife, "late of Newbern, N. 
C," advertises both in French and Eng- 
lish. 

In the City Gazette, of September 8, 
1812, we have the following Death Notice: 
"Mrs Catharine Henry, wife of Mr Jacob 
Henry. Died Friday evening last, leaving 
a husband and three children. Died Sep- 
tember 4." 

In the City Gazette, of July 31, 1S23, there 
is an Obituary Notice of Mrs Esther 
Henry: "Died 16th inst, in he? 37th year. 
Wife of Mr Jacob Henry, of this city. A 
native of Beaufort, N. C. Here for sev- 
eral years." 

In the City Gazette, of July 23. 1825, we 
have an Obituary Notice of Amelia Henry: 
"A native of the Island of Bermuda, but 
for many years a truly respectable citizen 
in this city, to which she was brought in 
early life, and with the exception of a few 
years' residence in Newbern, and Beau- 



fort, N. C, she successfully pursued the 
practice of midwifery in this city * * * 
Died on the morning of 25th June, in the 
71st year of her age. It must afford con- 
solation to her mourning family and her 
regretting friends to know that she died 
content, resigned and full of hopes of im- 
mortality; being well assured that 
'Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord, 
for they shall rest from their labor.' " 

In the Will of Amelia Henry, made April 
19, 1824, and proved July 2, 1825, she leaves 
bequests to her granddaughter, Denah 
Henry; to her grandchildren— Joel Henry, 
Philip Jacob[s] Henry, Samuel Henry, 
Judah Henry, Cordelia Henry and Sarah 
Henry. Her executors are: "MY SON, 
JACOB HENRY, and my grand-daughter, 
Denah Henry." On July 1, 1825, there is a 
letter at the Post Office for Jacob Henry. 
In the Publications of the American 
Jewish Historical Society, Vol 2, p. 139, we 
lead: "Abraham C. Labatt [of Charles- 
ton] visited Texas in 1S31. His business 
took him to Velasco, and he found there 
two Israelites, Jacob Henry and Jacob 
Lyons— the former from England and tho 
latter from Charleston— engaged in mer- 
cantile pursuits. They had been there for 
some years. When Jacob Henry died — 
without issue be it said— he left his for- 
tune to the city of Velasco, for the pin*- 
pose of building a hospital at that port." 
For reasons that I need not give here, I 
do not entirely trust this statement. I 
therefore wrote to the writer, Rabbi Henry 
Cohen, of Galveston. He writes in reply: 
"Since the storm in 1900, when I lost a 
number of papers, Jacob Henry is nothing 
to me but a name." Letters directed to 
Velasco has failed thus far to elicit a re- 
ply- 

In The Courier, of October 15, 1838, there 
is a Death Notice of Jacob Henry: "A na- 
tive of Germany. In the U. S. 6 years. 
Aet 44. Died 6th instant." He cannot be 
the Jacob Henry we are seeking. 

In the Courier of July 7, 1S43, we have 
the following Obituary Notice: "Died, in 
Darlington District, on the 6th of June 



last, Jacob Henry, aged 1 year. 6 months 
and 26 days." 

In the Courier of October 14, 1847, there 
is a Funeral Notice of a Jacob Henry, 
whom I strongly suspect to be the Jacob 
Henry we are hunting for . Unfortunately 
it is a simple funeral notice. The Death 
Returns in Charleston give no informa- 
tion; there is no obituary notice, or tomb- 
stone, and the Probate Court records con- 
tain nothing. The notice makes mention 
of his son, S. W. Henry. 

The final reference that I shall give, 
probably contains the solution of the whole 
matter, In a well-known leading case re- 
ported in 6th Peters' Reports, pp 102, et 
seq, the case of Levy et al vs McCartee. 
Jacob Henry is one of the plaintiffs. 
Strange to say, while the case is reported 
in utmost detail, the name of Jacob Henry 
occurs only in the title of the case. I 
have written to a legal friend in New 
York, asking him to get the original Bill 
in the United States Circuit Court of New 
York, so as to see what allegation in the 
Bill refers to Jacob Henry and why he 
was made plaintiff. The man who left the 
money in this famous case was a certain 
Philip Jacobs, of New York. One of the 
grandchildren of Amelia Henry, be it re- 
membered, was Philip Jacobs Henry, lie 
is buried in the Coming St Cemetery in 
Charleston. The search in New York is 
now being prosecuted, and I must await 
the result with patience. Unfortunately, 
it is impossible for me to conduct research 
in distant places except in vacation time, 
and research through others is very slow 
work. 

I have now given the reader my notes 
on Jacob Henry, or Jacob Henrys. 1 shall 
be grateful if any of my thoughtful read- 
ers will tell me with how many Jacob 
Henrys I have been dealing. Personally, 
I confess I do not know. I think that 1 
have shown enough, however, to satisfy 
the most exacting, that historical research 
is not quite as easy as some of our New 
York would-be historians would have us 
believe. 



But I have not yet done. Fortunately 
for us, the original speech of Jacob Henry, 
in his own handwriting, is still in exist- 
ence. Remarkable to relate, it is filed, 
along with other papers, as a letter 
of protest, in the legislative files among 
the archives at Raleigh, N. C, and bears 
the signature of the writer. Through the 
kindness of my friend, Mr R. D. W. Con- 
nor, the Secretary of the North Carolina 
Historical Commission, I am enabled to 
reproduce here a facsimile of the final 
paragraph of the speech. 

A careful study of the two writings: the 
signature of Jacob Henry, in the siege of 
Charles Town in 1780, and the writing of 
Jacob Henry, of North Carolina, in 1809— 
while both specimens show certain char- 
acteristics in common— a family resem- 
blance—shows that they are. not the 
writing of the same man. The former, in 
my opinion, is clearly that of an older 
man than the latter, while there is thirty 
years difference between the two. (Were 
the two Jacob Henrys father and son?) 

I am aware, of course, that I have not 
proved that the writing reproduced here 
in facsimile, is positively the writing of 
Jacob Henry, the Representative of Car- 
taret County in 1808-9. There is not the 
slightest reason, however, for doubting 
that the speech filed in Raleigh is the 
original speech, and that it is in the hand- 
writing of its author. 

I had hoped to clear up even this point 
beyond a peradventure, but, as in many 
another instance, I have been temporarily 
baffled. A protracted search had disclosed 
the most interesting fact that Jacob 
Henry was a member of the old Taylor 
Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of Beaufort, N. 
C, an old Minute Book of which is still 
in existence. He first appears on tha 
records as a visitor to the Lodge, on April 
25, 1806. In May he is a member, and his 
name continues in the records of the 
Lodge until October 30, 1809. Between 
these years he served the Lodge in vari- 
ous capacities, acting on several occasions 
as Secretary pro tem. The minutes are 



missing from 1810 to 1818. After intermin- 
able correspondence through the proper 
authorities, through the courtesy of 
Franklin Lodge, No 109, of Beaufort, N. 
C, which now possesses the volume of 
Minutes, I was permitted to examine the 
book in Charleston. Alas! while Jacob 
Henry acted as Secretary pro tern, the 
Minutes are kept in the handwriting of 
the regular Secretary— the same writing 
as that of the records before Jacob Henry 
appears. So the book proved nothing! I 
am not without hope, however, of being 
able to settle the question absolutely in 
the near future. 

Summing up, then, I believe: 

1. That Jacob Henry, of North Carolina, 
was Jacob Henry, and not Jacob Gratz, 
or Jacob anything else. 

2. That he was related to Joel Henry, of 
Carteret County, who died about 180S. A 
legacy from him is noted in the records of 
Beth Elohim for 1809. 

3. That Jacob Henry was a resident of 
Charleston, who removed to North Caro- 
lina, in 1806, and afterwards returned to 
Charleston, where he died. 

4. That he was the son of Amelia Henry, 
and husband of Esther Henry, of Beau- 
fort, N. C. If this is so, he could not 
possibly have been the prisoner of the 
Torbay. 



Whether the Henry family still exists, I 
do not know. Probably it does, and per- 
haps the solution of our difficulties is quite 
easy if we only knew where to look for it. 
I have done the best I can, and gladly bid 
farewell to Jacob Henry. 

Some of my readers doubtless think that 
I have been making much ado about noth- 
ing, and that I have taken tremendous 
trouble in my endeavor to establish a 
single point, which I have not even suc- 
ceeded in establishing. But what is his- 
tory that is not based upon facts? If the 
individual facts are erroneous, what value 
can there be to the generalized statement? 
Take any encyclopaedia to-day and see 
what a botch is made of history so-called, 
and the "scientific historian," so generally 
sneered at by the ignorant and superficial 
scribbler, will be amply vindicated. What 
we want is facts, not "probablys" and 
"possiblys," but facts, and the sooner our 
historians recognize the truth, the better 
it will be for them and for the future. 

With this I bring this 2d Series of my 
"Scrap Book" to completion. The labor 
has been tremendous, and the expense not 
inconsiderable. I do not regret it. If my 
contemporaries do not appreciate my 
work, posterity will. I believe in doing 
something for posterity. 

Finis. 



[Reprinted from the Sunday News, April 19, 1908.] 






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